AC/DC respectively represent alternating current and direct current. In many household appliances, the AC interface is typically used for regular lighting power, while DC signifies a direct current power source. Therefore, when using these appliances, it is essential to clearly identify the type of power source being used and operate accordingly.

The conversion of AC to DC, known as inversion, involves the transformation of power and current in a particular direction. The input AC power typically operates at a frequency of 50-60 hertz and must pass through rectification and filtering circuits. In the context of filtering capacitors, it's evident that their size is decreasing. However, compatibility issues in many switching operations must be promptly addressed. Furthermore, it's apparent that optimizing such a power source is not a simple task.

As an AC power source, a transformer is initially required to increase or decrease the voltage. During long-distance transmission, voltage drop occurs due to losses, and the maintenance of higher voltage and lower current becomes necessary. Converting to a DC power source is also not particularly straightforward.

The methods for AC/DC conversion primarily involve the installation of transformers. Following the construction process, it is understood that after the transformer, rectification is achieved through diodes, along with the addition of filtering capacitors and the installation of stabilizers to further stabilize the direct current. However, it is important to note that the more turns the transformer has, the stronger the load current, and as such, the influence of stabilizers is significant in maintaining stable output, necessitating consideration when using transformers.

In the AC to DC conversion process, many have opted to forego the use of transformers, instead directly employing diode rectification and resistor voltage reduction, modifying the control circuit to achieve excellent results. This switch-mode conversion brings simplicity and smaller size to the circuit, and is widely used in various electrical appliances.