1. Uyini I-Hall Effect?

Umphumela weHholo ubangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkambu zikagesi nezizibuthe ezihambisanayo zezinhlayiya ezishajiwe (njengama-electron). Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile futhi okunembile, ungabhekisela kumdwebo wopopayi wesimiso somphumela weHholo ngezansi.

2. Isimiso Somphumela Wehholo

Uma ipuleti le-conductive lixhunywe kusekethe ngebhethri, i-current iqala ukugeleza. Izithwali zeshaja zizohamba ngendlela ewumugqa ukusuka ekugcineni kwepuleti ukuya kwelinye. Ukuhamba kwezithwali zokushaja kudala insimu kazibuthe. Uma uzibuthe ebekwe eduze kwepuleti, inkambu kazibuthe yabathwali beshaja iyahlaneka, ephazamisa ukugeleza komugqa oqondile wabathwali bokushaja. Amandla aphazamisa isiqondiso sokugeleza kwabathwali abashajayo abizwa ngokuthi amandla e-Lorentz.

Ngenxa yokuhlanekezela kwenkundla kazibuthe yenkampani yenethiwekhi, ama-electron ashajwa kabi azophambukela ohlangothini olulodwa lwepuleti, kuyilapho izimbobo ezine-positively charged ziphambukele kolunye uhlangothi. Umehluko ongaba khona, owaziwa ngokuthi i-voltage yaseHholo, uzokhiqizwa phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zepuleti, ongalinganiswa ngethuluzi.

Umthelela wehholo namandla ka-Lorentz: umcibisholo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka u-B umele indawo kazibuthe edlula iqonde kupuleti lokuhambisa

Umgomo womphumela weHholo uthi lapho i-conductor ephethe okwamanje noma i-semiconductor yethulwa endaweni kazibuthe e-perpendicular, i-voltage ingalinganiswa endaweni ehambisana nendlela yamanje.

I-voltage yaseHholo, echazwa ngokuthi i-VH, inikezwa ngefomula:

· I-VH iyi-voltage yaseHholo epuleti le-conductive

· I wamanje ogeleza ngokusebenzisa inzwa

· B ungamandla kazibuthe

· q inkokhiso

· n inombolo yezinkampani zokushaja ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye

· d ukushuba kwenzwa

3. Isimiso sezinzwa ze-Hall Effect

Lapho ukuminyana kukazibuthe okuguquguqukayo okuzungeze inzwa kudlula umkhawulo othile osethiwe, inzwa iyawuthola bese ikhiqiza i-voltage ephumayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hall voltage (VH). Umgomo othize uboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.

Inzwa yomphumela weHholo ngokuyisisekelo iqukethe ucezu oluncane oluwunxande lwe-p-type semiconductor material, njenge-gallium arsenide (GaAs), i-indium antimonide (InSb), noma i-indium arsenide (InAs), okudlula kuyo imanje eqhubekayo.

Umdwebo wohlelo lwenzwa yomthelela weHholo

Uma inzwa yomphumela weHholo ibekwe endaweni kazibuthe, imigqa kazibuthe eguquguqukayo isebenzisa amandla okusebenza kwesemiconductor, okubangela abathwali bokushaja (ama-electron nezimbobo) ukuthi baphambuke baye kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwepuleti le-semiconductor. Lokhu kunyakaza kwezithwali zokushaja kuwumphumela wamandla kazibuthe abawatholayo njengoba bedlula kumpahla ye-semiconductor.

Njengoba la ma-electron nezimbobo zinyakaza emaceleni, umehluko ongaba khona ukhiqizwa phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ze-semiconductor impahla ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwalaba bathwali bokushaja. Ukunyakaza kwama-electron ngokusebenzisa impahla ye-semiconductor bese kuthintwa inkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle ebheke kuyo, futhi lo mphumela ugqama kakhulu ezintweni eziyisicaba eziwunxande.

Umthelela weHholo unikeza ulwazi mayelana nohlobo lwesigxobo kazibuthe nobukhulu bendawo kazibuthe. Isibonelo, i- south pole izobangela ukuthi idivayisi ikhiqize ukuphuma kwe-voltage, kanti i-north pole ngeke ibe nomthelela. Ngokuvamile, izinzwa zomphumela weHholo namaswishi zidizayinelwe ukuthi zibe sesimweni "sokucisha" (isimo somjikelezo ovulekile) lapho ingekho inkambu kazibuthe. "Zivula" kuphela (isimo sesekhethi evaliwe) lapho zivezwe endaweni kazibuthe yamandla anele kanye ne-polarity.

4. Izinzwa ze-Hall Effect

Ngendlela yayo elula, inzwa isebenza njengenzwa ye-analog, ibuyisela ngokuqondile i-voltage. Ngozibuthe owaziwayo, ibanga ukusuka ku-Hall plate linganqunywa. Ngokusebenzisa iqembu lezinzwa, indawo ehlobene zikazibuthe ingachazwa.

Ngokuvamile, izinzwa zomphumela weHholo zihlanganiswa namasekhethi avumela idivayisi ukuthi isebenze kumodi yedijithali (yokuvula/yokuvala), futhi kulokhu kulungiselelwa, kungase kubizwe ngokuthi amaswishi. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa isondo elinozibuthe ababili elidlula inzwa ye-Hall effect.