Izimo ze-Thyristor conduction: Okokuqala, i-voltage eya phambili kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode ye-thyristor; okwesibili, i-voltage eya phambili kufanele futhi isetshenziswe esangweni. Zombili izimo kufanele zihlangane kanyekanye ukuze i-thyristor ingene esimweni sokuqhuba.


I-Slkor BTB16-800B I-Unidirectional Silicon Control Rectifier SCR TO-263 

Ukuyibeka kalula, ukuze i-thyristor iqhube:

(1) Kufanele kusetshenziswe isignali;

(2) I-anode kufanele ibe namandla aphezulu kune-cathode (okungukuthi, i-voltage eya phambili kufanele ibe khona phakathi kwayo).

Uma i-thyristor iqhuba, ihlala iqhuba noma ngabe i-voltage yesango incishisiwe noma isusiwe. Ngamagama alula, ihlala ivuliwe ngisho nalapho isignali ingasekho.

Izimo zokuvala i-Thyristor: Yehlisa noma susa i-voltage eya phambili phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode, ukuze i-anode yamanje yehle ngaphansi kwenani elincane lokubamba lamanje.

Ukwenza lula:

● Ukuze i-thyristor ivule, idinga kokubili isignali kanye ne-anode zibe sezingeni eliphezulu kune-cathode.

● Uma isivuliwe, ihlala ivuliwe ngisho noma isignali isusiwe (isignali eyodwa yanele ukuyiqalisa).

● Ukuze uyivale, nqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla kusekethe ye-anode-cathode noma wenze amandla e-anode abe phansi kunamandla we-cathode.

● I-thyristor ye-unidirectional ifana ne-diode elawulekayo, ngokuqhutshwa kwayo kulawulwa isignali. Ngakho, ivumela umzila oqondile ukuba udlule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka; ngokushintshana kwamanje, iqhuba phakathi nomjikelezo oqondile wesigamu kodwa hhayi umjikelezo wesigamu ongemuhle (i-diode lapha isebenza njengesilungisi).

I-thyristor ye-bidirectional (i-triac) ingaqhuba i-alternating current.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwekesi Kweziyingi Zokulawula I-Thyristor

I-Unidirectional Thyristors (Izingxenye ezingalawula ama-diode)

Ukushintsha Kwe-elekthronikhi Elawulwa Ngokukhanya

● Iswishi ye-elekthronikhi elawulwa ukukhanya isebenzisa ukuqhutshwa nokuvinjwa kwe-thyristor ukuze "ivule" futhi "icime". Ukuqhutshwa nokuvinjwa kwe-thyristor kulawulwa amandla okukhanya kwemvelo (noma ukukhanya okwenziwa).

● Lolu cingo lufanele amalambu asemgwaqweni, amalambu ephaseji legumbi lokulala, noma ukukhanyisa kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi, olucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo emini nasebusuku ukuze wonge ugesi.

Isimiso sokusebenza:

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumdwebo wesifunda ongenhla:

1. I-220V AC iguqulelwa ku-voltage ye-DC edonsayo ngebhalbhu H kanye nokulungiswa kwebhuloho eligcwele, esebenza njengokuchema phambili (cishe ku-300V pulsating DC). Uma lokhu kwamanje kugeleza ku-diode ye-VS unidirectional thyristor kuya komunye umkhawulo, isibani siyakhanyisa. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, isango le-thyristor kufanele lithole i-voltage yesignali, edinga ukuthi i-9014 transistor iqhube.

2. Iqhuba kanjani i-9014?

I-300V pulsating DC ihlukaniswa ngo-R1 (100kΩ), R2 (470kΩ), kanye no-D (photoresistor). Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-R1 ne-DW (i-zener diode) yakha isihlukanisi se-voltage, futhi i-DW ibopha i-voltage ku-R2 kanye ne-photoresistor ku-6.8V, ilungiselela ukuthi i-transistor iqhube.

● Emini, lapho ukukhanya kudlula izinga elithile, i-photoresistor D ibonisa ukumelana okuphansi (≤1kΩ). Wonke amandla kagesi angu-6.8V ehla esisekelweni se-transistor, okubangela ukuthi i-transistor V inqamuke (ama-NPN transistors anqanyuliwe emazingeni aphezulu). Akukho ukugeleza kwamanje kusuka ku-emitter yayo, ngakho-ke i-thyristor VS unidirectional ihlala ivinjiwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-trigger yamanje, futhi isibani H asikhanyi. I-Resistor R1 kanye ne-zener diode DW ikhawulela i-voltage ye-transistor yokuchema ingabi ngaphezu kuka-6.8V, ivikela i-transistor.

● Ebusuku, lapho ukukhanya kwehla ngaphansi kwezinga elithile, i-photoresistor D ibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu (≥100kΩ). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-transistor V iqhube phambili (ama-NPN transistors aqhuba emazingeni aphansi), cishe ngo-0.8V ku-emitter, okubangela ukuthi i-thyristor VS iqhube futhi ikhanyise isibani H.

● Ukufaka kanye Nokulungisa iphutha: Phakathi nokufaka, beka ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elidayisiwe ekesini lepulasitiki elibonisa ngale bese ulivikela. Ixhume ngochungechunge ngokukhanya okulawulwayo H, bese uyimisa ukuze ibhekane nesibhakabhaka noma indawo ekhanyayo eduze kwewindi elamukela ukukhanya lesakhiwo, ugweme ukuchayeka ezibani zasebusuku phakathi kwamamitha angu-3.

● Ukulungisa iphutha kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa. Lungisa ukumelana kwe-RP ukuze ukukhanya okulawulwayo H kukhanye ezingeni elifanele lokukhanya.

Simple Ukubambezeleka Lighting

● Isimiso sokujikeleza: Isekhethi yalokhu kukhanya kokulibaziseka kunjengoba kukhonjisiwe kumdwebo onamathiselwe, nesekhethi yokulibaziseka evalelwe ebhokisini elinedeshi. Emdwebeni, u-K uyiswishi.

● Uma u-K uvaliwe, okwamanje ageleza ngokuqondile ku-K ukuze kukhanye isibani, futhi amanye amasekhethi ahlala engasebenzi.

● Uma i-K ivaliwe, i-voltage engu-220V ilungiswa yi-diode. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishaja i-capacitor C iye ku-R1; phakathi nenqubo yokushaja ka-C, akukho okwamanje okugeleza ku-R2, ngakho-ke i-transistor V ihlala ivaliwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le voltage ihlinzeka nge-trigger voltage ku-thyristor SCR ngokusebenzisa u-R3 no-R4, igcina i-thyristor iqhuba. Ngakho, ukukhanya kuhlala kuvuliwe isikhathi esithile ngemva kokucishwa.

● Uma i-capacitor C isishajwe ngokugcwele, yamanje igeleza idlule ku-R1 no-R2 iye esisekelweni se-transistor V, iguqule i-transistor V isuke ekunqamuleni iye ekuqhubeni. Lapho i-transistor iqhuba, i-current igeleza kusibani iye ku-R3 bese idlula ku-transistor iye esigxotsheni esinegethivu. Kuleli qophelo, ngenxa yokuthi i-transistor ine-impedance ephansi, akukho okwamanje okugeleza ku-R4 kuya esangweni le-thyristor, ngakho-ke i-thyristor SCR iyacima. Njengoba yamanje igeleza kusibani futhi i-R3 (220kΩ) inokumelana okuphezulu, i-voltage enqamula isibani iphansi kakhulu, futhi ukukhanya kuyacisha.

● Phakathi nesikhathi sokulibaziseka ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kuvaliwe kule sekethi, isikhathi sokulibaziseka sinqunywa amanani we-resistor R1 ne-capacitor C.

● Lesi sifunda sisebenzisa i-thyristor unidirectional. Phakathi nenkathi yokubambezeleka ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kucishiwe, ukukhanya kwesibani cishe kuyingxenye yokukhanya kwaso uma sikhanya ngokugcwele, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu ezibukwayo ngenkathi yonga amandla.

● Ukukhiqizwa kwesiyingi: Ku-thyristor SCR engaqondisiwe kule sekhethi, sebenzisa i-MCR100－8 enesilinganiso samandla kagesi okungenani esingu-600V. Amandla we-bulb akufanele adlule i-100W. I-diode VD ingu-1N4007, kanti i-transistor V yi-C1815. Zonke izihlungi ziyi-1/8W carbon film resistors.

2. I-Bidirectional Thyristors (Izingxenye ezingalawula i-AC)

Okulandelayo isekethe ye-thyristor yakudala ye-bidirectional, esebenzisa i-optocoupler isolation ukuze ilawule amasekhethi anamandla kagesi anezimpawu eziphansi, okuvumela ukufiphala okuqhubekayo kwezibani.