Lapho utshuza emhlabeni wezinto zikagesi, izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ovame ukuhlangana nazo Ama-MOSFET (I-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) futhi njalo ama-transistors. Lezi zingxenye zombili zibalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi, kodwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zifeza izinhloso ezahlukene. Ake sihlole umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwabo.

1. Umsebenzi Oyisisekelo

Kokubili ama-MOSFET nama-transistors ajwayelekile (avame ukubizwa ngokuthi BJTs or I-Bipolar Junction Transistors) zisetshenziswa njenge ukushintsha or ama-amplifiers kumasekethe kagesi. Balawula ukugeleza kwamandla phakathi kwamatheminali amabili, kodwa lokhu bakwenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

I-MOSFET: I-MOSFET iyidivayisi elawulwa yi-voltage. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-voltage encane isetshenziswa ku- Isango itheminali ilawula umthamo omkhulu wamanje ogeleza phakathi kwe- umthombo futhi vula amatheminali. Ama-MOSFET asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ukushintsha ngokushesha, njengakumasekhethi kagesi namasekhethi edijithali.

I-BJT: I-BJT, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyithuluzi elilawulwa manje. Encane isisekelo i-current ilawula umthamo omkhulu wamanje ogeleza phakathi kwe- ngalendoda futhi umthumeli amatheminali. Ama-BJT ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuzuza okuphezulu kwamanje, njengokukhulisa umsindo nokucutshungulwa kwesignali.

2. Isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza se-MOSFET kanye ne-BJT kuhluke kakhulu.

I-MOSFET: I-MOSFET inamatheminali amathathu amakhulu: Umthombo, Isango, Futhi Hlanganisa. Umthombo yilapho i-current ingena khona, futhi i-drain yilapho iphuma khona. Isango lisebenza njengetheminali yokulawula futhi livaleleke kuyo yonke idivayisi, yingakho ama-MOSFET elawulwa yi-voltage. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-MOSFET: Isiteshi se-N futhi Isiteshi se-P, kuye ngohlobo lwe-semiconductor esetshenziswa esiteshini.

I-BJT: I-BJT inezendlalelo ezintathu ze-semiconductor, eyenza ezimbili pn ukuhlangana. Izingqimba zibizwa ngokuthi umthumeli, isisekelo, Futhi ngalendoda. Umsinga omncane kusisekelo ulawula i-current phakathi komqoqi kanye nesithumeli. Ama-BJT eza ngezinhlobo ezimbili futhi: I-NPN futhi I-PNP, ngokusekelwe ekuhlelweni kwezingqimba ze-semiconductor.

3. Yamanje vs. Ukulawulwa kwe-Voltage

Umehluko omkhulu ongokoqobo phakathi kwakho kokubili ukuthi zilawulwa kanjani.

I-MOSFET: Njengoba kushiwo, ama-MOSFET anjalo i-voltage elawulwa amadivaysi. I-voltage esetshenziswa kutheminali yesango idala inkambu kagesi ethonya ukugeleza kwamanje phakathi komthombo nokukhipha amanzi. Lokhu kwenza ama-MOSFET asebenzise amandla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumasekhethi edijithali, njengoba adinga amandla amancane ukuze asebenzise isango.

I-BJT: Ama-BJT anjalo elawulwa manje amadivaysi. I-current encane egelezela kutheminali eyisisekelo ilawula umthamo wamanje omkhulu kakhulu ogeleza phakathi komqoqi kanye ne-emitter. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-BJT ngokuvamile awalambele kakhulu amandla uma kuziwa ekushayeleni isisekelo, njengoba adinga umsinga ongaguquki ukuze asebenze.

4. Izici

5. Izicelo

Kokubili ama-MOSFET nama-BJT anamandla awo ahlukile, futhi ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza unqume ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Ama-MOSFET zivame ukusetshenziswa ku:

Ukushintsha izinsiza zamandla (SMPS)

Ama-Microprocessors futhi izifunda ze-digital logic

Izilawuli zezimoto

Amaplifiers izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu

BJTs zivame ukusetshenziswa ku:

Izikhulisamsindo

Amasekhethi okucubungula amasignali

Izikhulisi zamanje

Izikhulisi zamandla ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephansi

6. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Isiphetho

Nakuba womabili ama-MOSFET kanye nama-BJT eyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zikagesi zesimanje, ahluka kakhulu endleleni asebenza ngayo kanye nasezinhlelweni zawo zokusebenza. Ama-MOSFET alawulwa amandla kagesi, asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ayashesha, okuwenza afanelekele amasekhethi edijithali nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokushintsha ngesivinini esikhulu. BJTs, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zilawulwa okwamanje futhi zihamba phambili ekwandiseni amandla, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zefrikhwensi ephansi njengezikhulisi zomsindo.

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-transistors kubalulekile lapho uklama amasekhethi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukhetha ingxenye engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi. Noma ngabe usebenza kumasistimu edijithali anesivinini esikhulu noma izikhulisa-zwi ze-analog, ukwazi amandla e-transistor ngayinye kuzokusiza uthuthukise ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kumiklamo yakho.