Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani isikrini se-laptop yakho sivala uma uvala isivalo? Noma kungani isikrini se-smartphone yakho sizungeza uma usipheqa? Noma ingabe injini yemoto kagesi ingalawula kanjani isivinini sayo ngokunembe kangaka? Lezi zigigaba zonke zincike emsebenzini weqhawe elingaculwanga-inzwa yeHholo.

Izinzwa ze-Slkor Hall

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani, sidinga ukubuyela ekutholakaleni kwe-physics okwenziwe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

1. Umsuka: Umphumela Wehholo-I-Classic Physical Phenomenon

Ngo-1879, isazi sesayensi yemvelo okuthiwa u-Edwin Hall sathola into ethakazelisayo phakathi nokuhlola. Uthole ukuthi lapho amandla kagesi edlula ku-conductor (noma i-semiconductor) encane futhi insimu yamagnetic isetshenziswa i-perpendicular yamanje, kwenzeka okuthile okungalindelekile.

Ake's sebenzisa isifaniso esicacile ukusiza ukuqonda:

1. Cabanga ngomgwaqo omkhulu (umqhubi): Ama-electron afana nezimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki, ageleza ohlangothini olulodwa, akha amandla kagesi.

2. Faka indawo kazibuthe: Manje, isivunguvungu esinamandla (uzibuthe) sivunguza sisuka eceleni komgwaqo omkhulu. Lo moya uphusha zonke izimoto (ama-electron) njengoba zishayela.

3. Umehluko wamandla kagesi uyadalwa: Ngenxa yokuphusha komoya, izimoto (ama-electron) zishintsha zibheke ohlangothini olulodwa lomgwaqo omkhulu. Lokhu kudala ukuthi izimoto eziningi ziqoqene ohlangothini olulodwa, kanti olunye luba yindlala.

4. Lena I-Voltage Yehholo: Ukunqwabelana kwamashaji kukhiqiza i-voltage phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zomgwaqo omkhulu, futhi lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-voltage yaseHholo.

Ukuthathwa Okubalulekile: Umphumela weHholo uveza ukuthi lapho inkambu kazibuthe namandla kagesi kuhlangana, i-voltage elinganayo namandla kazibuthe ikhiqizwa kuyo yonke i-conductor. Lapho amandla kazibuthe eqina, amandla kagesi eHholo ayanda.

2. Kusukela Ku-Phenomenon kuya Kudivayisi: Izingxenye Zezinzwa Zanamuhla Zasehholo

Manje njengoba sesiwuqonda isimiso, onjiniyela baqala ukusebenza ekwenzeni lesi simo sibe sincane. Basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-semiconductor (njenge-silicon ne-gallium arsenide) ukuze bahlanganise "I-Hall plate," izikhulisi zesignali, kanye nokucubungula amasekhethi ku-chip encane encane kunohlamvu lwerayisi.

Lapha'inqubo ejwayelekile:

1. Inzwa: I-elementi yeHholo (i-semiconductor encane) ivezwa endaweni yangaphandle kazibuthe. Lapho amandla kazibuthe edlula kuwo, akhiqiza amandla kagesi eHholo abuthakathaka kakhulu (ngokuvamile ebangeni le-microvolt).

2. Ukukhulisa: Le signali eluhlaza ibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke i-amplifier eyakhelwe ku-chip iyayikhulisa ibe sezingeni elisebenzisekayo.

3. Ukucubungula: Ngokuya ngomklamo, ukucubungula kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zezinzwa zeHholo:

Izinzwa Zehholo Ledijithali (Iyashintsha/Ixhunyiwe):

Ukusebenza: I-chip iqukethe i-Schmitt trigger (empeleni isekethe yesiqhathanisi somsindo-amasosha omzimba). Iqhathanisa i-voltage ekhulisiwe "ne-threshold" ehleliwe.

Umphumela: Uma amandla kazibuthe edlula umkhawulo "wokuvula", inzwa's okukhiphayo kushintsha ngokushesha ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi (noma okuphambene nalokho), njengokuphenyisisa iswishi. Lapho inkambu kazibuthe iba buthaka ngaphansi komkhawulo "wokuvala", okukhiphayo kubuyela esimweni sako sokuqala.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amaswishi angathinteki-Isibonelo, ukutholwa kwesivalo kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, izibani zezicabha zemoto, ukwenza kusebenze isixubho sikagesi.

Izinzwa ze-Analog Hall (Linear):

Ukusebenza: I-voltage ephumayo ilingana ngokuqondile namandla kazibuthe. Lapho amandla kazibuthe anamandla, ayanda amandla kagesi; lapho inkambu ibuthakathaka, i-voltage ephumayo iyancipha.

Umphumela: Lezi zinzwa zinikeza amasignali aqhubekayo, ezivumela ukuthi zingatholi nje kuphela ukuba khona kwendawo kazibuthe kodwa namandla ayo kanye ne-polarity (enyakatho noma eningizimu).

Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ibanga lokungathinteki, i-engeli, nezilinganiso zamanje-Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-throttle position ezimotweni, ukulinganisa i-engeli ehlangene kumarobhothi, nokutholwa kwamanje kumasekhethi (ngokulinganisa indawo kazibuthe ezungeze intambo ebukhoma, ibala ngokungaqondile i-current.-kuphephe kakhulu).

3. Izicelo Ezikuyo Yonke indawo: Kungani Sizithanda Izinzwa Zasehholo?

Isikhalazo sezinzwa zaseHholo sisekusebenzeni kwazo ngaphandle kokuthinta, ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, kanye nokuphendula kwemvamisa ephezulu.

Ukungathinteki: Akukho ukuthintana ngokomzimba kusho ukungagqoki kwemishini, akukho zinhlansi, nempilo ende kakhulu-ilungele izindawo ezinzima (uthuli, uwoyela, ukudlidliza).

Isivinini Esiphezulu: Ziphendula ngokushesha okukhulu, zizenze zifaneleke ukuthola izinto ezizungezayo ezinesivinini esikhulu, njengokulinganisa isivinini semoto.

Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Izinzwa ze-Linear Hall zinikeza izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho, ungazithola kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene:

I-Consumer Electronics: Ukuzungezisa isikrini okuzenzakalelayo kumafoni namathebulethi; ukutholwa kwesivalo samakesi e-earphone e-Bluetooth.

Izimboni Nezezimoto: Ukulawulwa kwesivinini sezimoto; ukutholwa kwesimo sepiston kumasilinda; ukushintshwa kwezinjini ezingenalutho; ukuqapha kwamanje ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ibhethri.

Imishini Yasekhaya: Ukulinganisa isivinini sesigubhu emishinini yokuwasha; ukulinganisa kokugeleza kuzihlanzi zamanzi.

Isiphetho

Kusukela ekutholweni okumsulwa kwe-physics ngo-1879 kuya "kuzinzwa" ezihlakaniphile ezishumekwe ezigidini zemishini namuhla, izinzwa ze-Hall zibonisa kahle ukuthi isayensi eyisisekelo ingaqhuba kanjani izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Zisebenza njengebhuloho, eziguqula amandla kazibuthe angabonakali abe yizimpawu zikagesi ezinembile ezingaqondwa futhi zisetshenziswe amasistimu kagesi. Ngokuzayo lapho isikrini sefoni yakho sikhanyisa njengoba uzungezisa isihlakala sakho, ungamamatheka, wazi ukuthi ubuhlakani bukaDkt. Hall nonjiniyela abangenakubalwa busebenza buthule ngemuva ukuze bakusize.