I-Detector Diode

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-diode yomtshina ukukhipha isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi esignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu. Zakhiwe ngesakhiwo se-point-contact, okusho ukuthi zinamandla amancane okuhlangana futhi zingasebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Ngokuvamile, zenziwe ngezinto ze-germanium. Empeleni, inqubo yokukhipha isignali yokumodulating kusiginali yokufaka ibizwa ngokuthi ukutholwa. Ngomshini wokulungisa ongu-100 mA njengomngcele, lawo anomphumela wamanje ongaphansi kuka-100 mA abizwa ngokuthi ama-detector diode. I-Germanium point-contact type diode ingasebenza kumafrikhwensi afika ku-400 MHz, nokwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili ephansi, amandla okuhlangana okuncane, ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa okuphezulu, nezici ezinhle zefrikhwensi, njengohlobo lwe-2AP. Ngaphezu kokutholwa, lawa ma-diode angasetshenziswa futhi kumasekhethi ukukhawulela, ukusika, ukumodela, ukuxuba, ukushintsha, neminye imisebenzi. Kukhona futhi inhlanganisela ekhethekile yama-diode amabili anezici ezingaguquki zokutholwa kwe-FM.

I-Rectifier Diode

Empeleni, inqubo yokuthola okukhiphayo kwamanje (DC) okuqondile okuvela kokokufaka okushintshayo kwamanje (AC) kubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa. Ngomshini wokulungisa ongu-100 mA njengomngcele, lawo anomphumela wamanje omkhulu kuno-100 mA abizwa ngokuthi ama-rectifier diode. Zinesakhiwo se-planar, okuholela kumandla amakhulu okuhlangana futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngaphansi kuka-3 kHz. Amandla kagesi ahlehla kakhulu asuka ku-25 volts kuya ku-3000 volts, ahlukaniswe abe amamaki angu-22 ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-X. Ahlukaniswa kanje: ① Ama-Silicon semiconductor rectifier diode (uhlobo lwe-2CZ), ② Izilungisi zebhuloho le-Silicon (uhlobo lwe-QL), kanye ③ neziteki eziphezulu ze-silicon ezivala ama-silicon ama-kH angu-0 asebenza kumabonakude ama-kH angu-0 (uhlobo lwe-2CLG).

I-Clipping Diode

Uma i-diode ibheke phambili futhi iqhuba, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi aya phambili kuhlala kungashintshile (0.7 V kuma-silicon diode kanye no-0.3 V kuma-germanium diode). Lesi sici sisetshenziswa kumasekhethi njengento yokunamathisela ukuze kukhawulwe i-amplitude yesiginali phakathi kwebanga elithile. Ama-diode amaningi angasetshenziselwa ukusika. Kukhona futhi ama-clipping diode akhethekile, afana nalawo amathuluzi okuvikela kanye nama-high-frequency Zener diode. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lokukhawulela ama-spikes abukhali we-amplitude, ama-silicon diode avame ukusetshenziswa. Izingxenye ziyatholakala futhi ezihlanganisa ama-diode ambalwa okulungisa axhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze akhe iyunithi eyodwa ngokusekelwe ku-voltage yokusika edingekayo.

I-Modulating Diode

Lokhu ngokuvamile kubhekisela kuma-diode asetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukushintsha ukukhala, okuyinhlanganisela yama-diode amane anezici zangaphambili ezifanayo. Nakuba amanye ama-varactor diode nawo anezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuguquguquka, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa.

Ukuxuba Diode

Uma usebenzisa izindlela zokuxuba i-diode, ku-frequency range ye-500 Hz kuya ku-10,000 Hz, i-Schottky ne-point-contact diode ivame ukusetshenziswa.

Ukwandisa i-Diode

Ukukhulisa kusetshenziswa ama-diode ngokuvamile kuhilela amathuluzi aphikisayo aphikisayo njengama-diode emhubhe nama-diode anomphumela wenqwaba, kanye nokukhulisa i-parametric kusetshenziswa ama-varactor diode. Ngakho-ke, ama-diode akhulisayo ngokuvamile abhekisela kuma-diode emhubhe, ama-diode anemiphumela eminingi, nama-varactor diode.

Ishintsha i-Diode

I-diode inokumelana okuphansi kakhulu uma ibheke phambili futhi isesimweni sokuqhuba, esifana neswishi evaliwe; uma i-reverse-biased, inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu futhi isesimweni sokunqamuka, esifana neswishi evulekile. Izici zokushintsha zama-diode zingasetshenziswa ukwenza amasekhethi ahlukahlukene anengqondo. Kukhona ama-switching diode asetshenziselwa ukusebenza okunengqondo anamaza amancane (azungeze u-10 mA) kanye nalawo asetshenziselwa ukujabulisa okuyinhloko nama-currents kumakhulu ama-milliamperes. Ama-switching diode amanje amancane ngokuvamile ama-point-contact kanye nohlobo lokhiye, kuyilapho i-silicon diffusion, i-mesa, ne-planar diode nayo iyatholakala ukuze isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Inzuzo enkulu yokushintsha ama-diode yijubane labo lokushintsha ngokushesha. Ama-Schottky diode anezikhathi zokushintsha ezimfishane futhi angama-diode okushintsha kahle. Ama-diode e-point-contact ohlobo lwe-2AK asetshenziselwa amasekhethi ashintshashintshayo anesivinini esiphakathi, kuyilapho ama-diode e-planar ohlobo lwe-2CK asetshenziselwa amasekhethi okushintsha ngesivinini esikhulu. Asetshenziswa futhi ekushintsheni, ekukhawuleni, ekubambeni, noma ekutholeni amasekhethi. I-Schottky (SBD) i-silicon high-current switching diode inokwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili ephansi, isivinini esisheshayo, nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

I-Varactor Diode

Ama-Varactor diode angamandla amancane asetshenziselwa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo (AFC) nokushuna. Baziwa nangamagama ahlukahlukene phakathi kwabakhiqizi baseJapan. Ngokufaka i-voltage ebuyela emuva, amandla okuhlangana kwe-diode ayashintsha. Ngakho-ke, asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana nokulawula ifrikhwensi okuzenzakalelayo, i-oscillation yokuskena, i-frequency modulation, nokushuna. Ngokujwayelekile, zenziwe nge-silicon kusetshenziswa inqubo yokusabalalisa, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezifana ne-alloy diffusion, i-epitaxial junction, nama-double-diffusion diode nazo ziyasetshenziswa ngoba lawa ma-diode abonisa ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ku-capacitance nge-voltage. I-junction capacitance iyahlukahluka nge-voltage ehlehlayo ye-VR, ithatha indawo yama-capacitor aguquguqukayo futhi isetshenziswe kumasekhethi okushuna, amasekhethi ama-oscillator, namalophu akhiywe ngesigaba. Avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-high-frequency head ethelevishini ekuguquleni iziteshi namasekhethi okushuna futhi enziwa kakhulu nge-silicon.

I-Frequency Multiplier Diode

Ngokuphindaphinda imvamisa kusetshenziswa ama-diode, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuphindaphinda kwemvamisa kusetshenziswa ama-varactor diode kanye nokuphindaphinda kwemvamisa kusetshenziswa ama-diode wesinyathelo (noma ngokuzumayo). Ama-Varactor diode asetshenziselwa ukuphindaphindeka kwemvamisa abizwa ngokuthi ama-variable reactance diode. Nakuba isimiso sokusebenza se-variable reactance diode sifana nesama-varactor diode asetshenziselwa ukulawula imvamisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukwakhiwa kwama-reactance diode kungaphatha amandla aphezulu. Ama-diode wesinyathelo sokutakula, abuye aziwe ngokuthi ama-step recovery diode, anesikhathi esifushane sokuhlehla esibuyela emuva lapho usuka ekuqhubeni uye ekunqamuleni. Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yabo eyinhloko isikhathi sokudlulisa esifushane kakhulu lapho ushintshela ngokushesha esimweni sokunqamuka. Uma igagasi le-sinusoidal lisetshenziswa ku-diode yokutakula isinyathelo, ngenxa yesikhathi sokudlulisa esifushane esingu-tt, i-waveform yokuphumayo incishiswa ngokucijile, okuholela ekukhiqizeni ama-harmonics amaningi wemvamisa ephezulu.

I-Zener Diode

Lolu hlobo lwe-diode lwenziwa kusetshenziswa isici sokuhlehla sokuhlehla se-diode, igcina i-voltage ecishe ibe njalo kumatheminali ayo ukuze kuzinziswe i-voltage kusekethe. Kungumkhiqizo othatha indawo ye-voltage stabilizing diode electronic. Kuyi-diode enejika eliwuphawu lokuhlehla lokuhlehla. Isetshenziswa njenge-voltage yokulawula kanye ne-reference voltage. I-voltage yokusebenza ye-diode (ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi i-Zener voltage) isukela ku-3 V ukuya ku-150 V, namabanga amaningi ahlukaniswe ngo-10%. Ngokwamandla, imikhiqizo iyatholakala kusuka ku-200 mW kuya ku-100 W. Isebenza esimweni sokuhlehla sokuhlehla, esenziwe ngezinto ze-silicon, ezinokumelana okuncane kakhulu okuguquguqukayo i-RZ, ngokuvamile i-2CW, i-2CW56, njll.; ama-diode amabili ahambisanayo axhunywe ochungechungeni oluhlehlayo ukuze kwehliswe i-coefficient yezinga lokushisa kuwuhlobo lwe-2DW.

I-coefficient yezinga lokushisa engu-α ye-diode ye-Zener: α imele ushintsho ku-voltage yokuzinzisa ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elingu-1°C. Ama-Diode ane-voltage yokuzinza engaphansi kuka-4 V ane-coefficient yokushisa engemihle (ngenxa yokuphuka kwe-Zener), okusho ukuthi i-voltage yokuzinza iyancipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa (izinga lokushisa libangela ama-electron e-valence ukuthi adlulele kumazinga aphezulu wamandla); ama-diode ane-voltage yokuzinza enkulu kuno-7 V ane-coefficient yokushisa enhle (ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-avalanche), okusho ukuthi i-voltage yokuzinza ikhuphuka ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa (izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka amplitude ye-athomu yokudlidliza, kuvimbela ukunyakaza kwenkampani yenethiwekhi); ama-diode ane-voltage yokuzinzisa phakathi kuka-4 no-7 V ane-coefficient yokushisa encane kakhulu, cishe iqanda (kokubili ukuphuka kwe-Zener ne-avalanche kwenzeka).

I-PIN Diode

Lena i-crystal diode eyakhiwe nge-intrinsic semiconductor (noma i-semiconductor enokugxiliswa kokungcola okuphansi) ehlanganiswe phakathi kwezifunda ezingu-P kanye ne-N. I-"I" ku-PIN imele "intrinsic." Uma isebenza kumafrikhwensi angaphezu kuka-100 MHz, ngenxa yomphumela wokugcina wabathwali abambalwa kanye nomthelela wesikhathi sokuhamba kungqimba "lwangaphakathi", i-diode ilahlekelwa isenzo sayo sokulungisa futhi iba yinto evimbelayo, nenani layo lokungangeni lishintsha nge-voltage echema. Ngokuchema okuyiziro noma ukuhlehla, ukuthikamezeka kwendawo "yangaphakathi" kuphezulu kakhulu; ngokuchema okuya phambili, ngenxa yokujovwa kwabathwali endaweni "yangaphakathi", isifunda "sangaphakathi" sibonisa isimo esiphansi se-impedance. Ngakho-ke, i-PIN diode ingasetshenziswa njengento eguquguqukayo ye-impedance. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushintsheni kwe-high-frequency switching (i-microwave switching), ukushintsha kwesigaba, ukuguquguquka, ukukhawulela, namanye amasekhethi.

I-Avalanche Diode

Lena i-transistor engakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-oscillation aphezulu ngaphansi kwethonya le-voltage esetshenzisiwe. Umgomo wokusebenza wokukhiqiza ama-oscillation amaza aphezulu umi kanje: ukusebenzisa ukuphuka kwe-avalanche ukuze ujove abathwali kukristalu, njengoba isikhathi sokuhamba sabathwali benqamula i-wafer sinomkhawulo, i-current ibambezeleka ngemuva kwe-voltage, okuholela esikhathini sokulibaziseka. Uma isikhathi sokuthutha silawulwa ngendlela efanele

I-Tunnel Diode

I-tunnel diode iyi-crystal diode ingxenye yayo yamanje eyi-tunnel current. Izinto zayo eziyisisekelo yi-gallium arsenide ne-germanium. Izifunda zohlobo luka-P kanye nohlobo lwe-N zigcwele kakhulu (okungukuthi, ezinokungcola okuphezulu). I-tunnel current ikhiqizwa yimiphumela ye-quantum mechanical yalawa ma-semiconductors awonakele. Ukwenzeka komphumela womhubhe kudinga izimo ezintathu ezilandelayo: ① Izinga le-Fermi litholakala ngaphakathi kwebhendi yokuqhuba kanye nebhendi ye-valence; ② Isendlalelo sokushaja isikhala kufanele sibe mncane kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-micrometer angu-0.01); kukhona ithuba lokudlulana phakathi kwamazinga wamandla ezimbobo endaweni yohlobo lwe-P nama-electron endaweni yohlobo lwe-N ye-semiconductor ewohlokayo. I-tunnel diode iyisisetshenziswa esisebenza ngamatheminali amabili. Ipharamitha yayo eyinhloko isilinganiso samanje se-peak-to-valley current (IP/PV), lapho umbhalo othi "P" umele "isiqongo" futhi umbhalo othi "V" umele "isigodi." I-tunnel diode ingasetshenziswa kuma-amplifiers aphezulu-umsindo ophansi kanye nama-oscillator amafrikhwensi aphezulu (amafrikhwensi okusebenza afinyelela ibhande le-millimeter wave) futhi ingasetshenziswa kumasekhethi okushintsha ngesivinini esikhulu.

Isinyathelo Sokubuyisela I-Diode

Lena futhi i-diode ene-PN junction. Isici sawo sesakhiwo wukusabalalisa ukungcola okuphakeme emngceleni we-PN junction, okwakha "inkambu kagesi ezimele." Njengoba ukuhlangana kwe-PN kusebenza nabathwali abambalwa ngaphansi kokuchema phambili futhi kunomphumela wokugcina weshajiwe eduze nendawo yokuhlangana ye-PN, i-current ehlehlayo idinga "isikhathi sesitoreji" ukuze yehlele kunani layo elincane (inani lamanje lokuhlehla kwesimo). "Inkundla kagesi ezimele" ye-diode yokutakula isinyathelo inciphisa isikhathi sokugcina, ivumela i-current reverse ukuthi inqamule ngokushesha futhi ikhiqize izingxenye ezicebile ze-harmonic. Lezi zingxenye ze-harmonic zingasetshenziswa ukuklama amasekhethi esizukulwane se-comb spectrum. I-diode yokutakula isinyathelo isetshenziswa kumasekhethi we-harmonic we-pulse kanye ne-oda eliphezulu.

I-Schottky Barrier Diode

Lena i-diode ene-"metal-semiconductor junction" ebonisa izici ze-Schottky. Inokwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili ephansi. Ungqimba lwensimbi lungenziwa ngezinto ezifana negolide, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, ne-titanium. Impahla ye-semiconductor ivamise ukuba yi-silicon noma i-gallium arsenide, imvamisa isesimweni se-N-type semiconductors. Le divayisi isebenza nezinkampani eziningi zenethiwekhi, ngakho-ke ukugcwala kwayo okuphambene nakho kukhulu kakhulu kunaleyo ye-PN junction, eqhuba nabathwali abambalwa. Njengoba umthelela wesitoreji wabathwali abambalwa kuma-Schottky diode umncane, impendulo yayo yemvamisa inqunyelwe kuphela isikhathi esingaguquki se-RC, okuyenza ibe idivayisi ekahle yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemvamisa ephezulu nokushintsha ngokushesha. Imvamisa yokusebenza kwayo ingafinyelela ku-100 GHz. Ukwengeza, i-MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) Schottky diode ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amaseli elanga noma ama-light-emitting diode. Ingase futhi isebenze njenge-freewheeling diode, inikeze umsebenzi we-freewheeling kumithwalo ye-inductive efana nama-inductors ekunikezeni kwamandla wemodi yokushintsha kanye nama-relay.

I-Damping Diode

Ama-damping diode avame ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi wamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ane-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza ehlehlayo kanye nenani eliphakeme lamanje, nokwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili ephansi. Lawa ma-diode ama-high-frequency, high-voltage rectifier asetshenziselwa ukudambisa kanye nokukhulisa amandla kagesi kusekethe yokuskena evundlile yamathelevishini. Ama-daping diode ajwayelekile afaka i-2CN1, 2CN2, ne-BSBS44.

I-Transient Voltage Suppression Diode

I-TVP diode ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage okusheshayo kumasekhethi. Itholakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-bipolar kanye ne-unipolar, ehlukaniswa ngamandla aphezulu (500W - 5000W) kanye ne-voltage (8.2V - 200V).

I-Double-Base Diode (I-Single-Crystal Transistor)

Lena idivayisi yokumelana ne-negative enezisekelo ezimbili kanye ne-emitter eyodwa. Isetshenziswa kumasekhethi e-oscillator yokuphumula kanye namasekethe e-voltage yokufunda isikhathi. Inezinzuzo zokulungisa imvamisa kalula kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwezinga lokushisa.

I-Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

Enziwe ngezinto ze-gallium phosphide ne-gallium arsenide phosphide, lawa ma-LED mancane ngosayizi futhi akhipha ukukhanya uma ebheke phambili. Zisebenza ku-voltage ephansi kanye nezamanje, ngokukhishwa kokukhanya okufanayo, impilo ende, kanye nekhono lokukhipha ukukhanya okubomvu, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, nokuluhlaza kwe-monochromatic. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ama-LED amhlophe akhanya kakhulu athuthukisiwe, okuholela embonini yokukhanyisa ye-LED evelayo. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekubonisweni kwama-VCD, ama-DVD, izibali, namanye amadivaysi.

I-Silicon Power Switch Diode

I-silicon power switching diode inamandla okwenza i-high-speed conduction kanye nokusika. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamandla aphezulu noma kumasekhethi okuqinisa amandla kagesi, iziguquli ze-DC, isilawuli sesivinini semoto esinesivinini esikhulu, nanjengesilungisisi esinemvamisa ephezulu kanye ne-freewheeling clamp kumasekhethi okushayela. Inezinzuzo zezimpawu zokululama ezithambile kanye nomthamo oqinile wokugcwala, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zamandla ekhompiyutha, izinsiza zamandla e-radar, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula isivinini semoto.