SL7812 is a three-terminal fixed positive linear regulator in TO-220 package manufactured by Slkor. It delivers 12V fixed output voltage with maximum continuous output current of 1A. Built-in protections include thermal-overload shutdown, short-circuit current limiting and output-transistor SOA protection. Being RoHS-compliant, it fits 12V low-to-medium-power power-supply applications such as post-regulation for switching power supplies, microprocessor power supply and main-board power supply. This article summarizes key parameters, core features, application scenarios and engineering recommendations for component selection and hardware design. Slkor SL7812 Linear Regulator Product Image I. Core Product Parameters Absolute Maximum Ratings Input Voltage: 35V Output Current: 1A Power Dissipation: Internally-limited for TO-220 package Junction Temperature: 150℃ Operating Temperature Range: -20℃ ~ 150℃ Storage Temperature Range: -55℃ ~ 150℃ Key Electrical Characteristics (Tested at junction temperature of 25℃) Output Voltage: Typical value 12.0V, ranging from 11.52V-12.48V under load of 5mA-1.0A; ranging from 11.40V-12.60V with input voltage 14.5V-27V and load of 5mA-1.0A Output-current capability: Continuous output up to 1A; typical peak output current 1.8A; typical short-circuit current 250mA Quiescent Current: Maximum value 8.0mA. Quiescent current changes slightly with input voltage and output load. Output Noise Voltage: Typical value 75μV within test frequency range 10Hz-100KHz Ripple Rejection: Typical value 72dB at 120Hz test condition Dropout Voltage: Typical value 2.0V Package: TO-220 Environmental Compliance: RoHS-compliant Note: Actual usable steady-state output current depends on input voltage, heat-sink configuration, package lead length and PCB copper pattern layout. Electrical data are obtained under pulse-test conditions. II. Core Product Features Output current reaches 1A, satisfying most 12V low-to-medium-power DC power-supply requirements. Fixed 12V positive output with stable output accuracy. Voltage deviation caused by load and input-voltage variation stays within controllable range. Multiple on-chip protection functions including thermal-overload shutdown, short-circuit current limiting and output-transistor SOA protection to reduce device-damage risks under abnormal conditions. TO-220 package allows direct heatsink mounting to improve overall power-dissipation capacity. Good ripple-rejection performance suppresses AC interference from input side and delivers clean and stable 12V DC output. RoHS-compliant to meet environmental requirements for industrial and consumer-electronic products. III. Main Application Fields 12V high-efficiency linear regulator circuits acting as independent regulating units for stable 12V DC power output. Post-regulation for switching power supplies to conduct secondary filtering and stabilization and improve output-voltage quality. Power supply for microprocessors and control boards, providing 12V power for MCU and control units. 12V power-supply circuits for main boards and various functional add-on boards. IV. Engineering Design Recommendations Absolute-maximum ratings represent stress limits only. Transient or continuous operation beyond these ratings will cause permanent device damage. Actual steady-state output current is constrained by input-to-output differential voltage, heat-dissipation condition and PCB copper layout. A properly-matched heat sink is required under high-power-dissipation conditions to keep junction temperature within allowable range. Follow datasheet recommendation: place 0.33μF capacitor at input terminal and 0.1μF capacitor at output terminal to improve circuit stability and transient-response performance. Reserve sufficient headroom between input and output voltage. The typical dropout voltage is 2.0V. Input voltage shall exceed the sum of output voltage and dropout voltage for normal regulation performance. Temperature brings drift to output voltage, quiescent current and dropout voltage. Sufficient design margin should be reserved for high-temperature and heavy-load scenarios. Short-circuit triggers current-limit protection, yet long-term short-circuit operation is prohibited. Persistent high temperature will degrade device reliability. Optimize thermal copper area for TO-220 PCB layout and implement proper insulation for mounting holes to avoid short-circuit risks. V. Product Summary SL7812 is a TO-220 three-terminal fixed-output linear regulator delivering 12V with maximum output current of 1A. Integrated complete protection circuits and favorable ripple-rejection performance make it suitable for 12V low-to-medium-power power-supply in industrial and consumer electronics. During hardware design, sufficient attention shall be paid to thermal design, input-output headroom and peripheral-capacitor configuration. Operating conditions exceeding absolute-maximum stress ratings must be avoided to guarantee long-term stability of power-supply systems. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SL7812To Product Page

SL7805 is a three-terminal positive linear regulator in TO-220 package manufactured by Slkor. It delivers fixed 5V output with maximum continuous output current of 1A and peak output current up to 1.8A. Integrated protection functions include thermal overload shutdown, short-circuit current limiting and output-transistor safe-operating-area protection. The component is RoHS-compliant. It is widely used for post-regulation of switching power supplies and microprocessor power supply circuits. The operating junction temperature ranges from -20℃ to 150℃, and storage temperature ranges from -55℃ to 150℃, suitable for consumer and industrial electronic circuits. Slkor Linear Regulator SL7805 Product Image I. Core Product Parameters Output specifications: Fixed 5V output voltage; maximum continuous output current 1A; peak output current 1.8A; typical dropout voltage 2.0V. Minor output-voltage shift occurs with changing load, input voltage and junction temperature. Input voltage: Maximum input voltage 35V. Temperature conditions: Operating junction temperature from -20℃ to 150℃; storage temperature from -55℃ to 150℃. Power dissipation: Power dissipation is internally limited. Actual allowable power dissipation depends on heatsink, PCB copper pattern and lead length. Typical protection parameter: Typical short-circuit output current 250mA. Quiescent current: Maximum quiescent current 8.0mA. Noise and ripple: Features ripple-rejection capability; typical output noise voltage is 40μV. Package: TO-220 package, RoHS-compliant. II. Key Product Features Fixed 5V DC output. Output-voltage deviation is kept within datasheet limits to meet requirements for most 5V powered circuits. 1A maximum continuous output and 1.8A peak output, suitable for medium-and-small-power loads. Multiple built-in hardware protections: thermal overload shutdown, short-circuit current limiting and output-transistor safe-operating-area protection, reducing risks of device damage under abnormal conditions. RoHS-compliant, complying with material specifications for various electronic products. Ripple-rejection performance suppresses AC ripple from input side and improves quality of DC output. TO-220 mechanical structure supports external heatsink mounting for heat dissipation under high-power conditions. III. Main Application Fields High-efficiency linear regulator circuits working as independent regulating units to supply stable 5V DC power. Post-stage regulation for switching power supplies to further filter and stabilize converter outputs. 5-V power supply circuits for microprocessors, MCUs and other control chips. 5-V power supply for motherboards and various circuit boards. IV. Engineering Design Recommendations Absolute maximum ratings are stress limits only. Continuous operation beyond these limits will cause permanent device damage. Real steady-state usable output current is not fixed at 1A. It is affected by input voltage, heatsink selection, lead length and PCB copper area. Appropriate thermal solutions must be adopted for high-power operation. Electrical-characteristic data are measured under pulse test conditions with initial junction temperature set at 25℃. Continuous-operation temperature variation will modify output voltage, dropout voltage and quiescent current. Adequate design margin should be reserved. Input and output capacitors are recommended to improve transient response, reduce output noise and enhance system stability. Thermal design should be emphasized. Higher case temperature lowers allowable power dissipation. Larger heatsinks or reduced load current are required for high-temperature environments. Short-circuit triggers current-limit protection, yet long-term short-circuit operation shall be avoided to prevent sustained overheating. V. Product Summary SL7805 is a 5-V three-terminal positive linear regulator in TO-220 package, offering up to 1A output and comprehensive built-in protections. Its TO-220 package facilitates heatsink installation. This device serves well for 5-V linear regulation in consumer and industrial circuit boards and can be deployed for post-regulation after switching converters. In practical engineering, thermal conditions must be fully evaluated. Sufficient design margin considering operating temperature and load shall be reserved to avoid exceeding device limits and ensure long-term reliable equipment operation. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SL7805To Product Page

BCP56-16 is an NPN bipolar transistor manufactured by Slkor in SOT-223 package. It features high collector-current capability and low saturation voltage, with DC current gain ranging from 100 to 250. It is widely used for audio driving and output-stage circuits. Its storage temperature ranges from -65℃ to 150℃, suitable for various medium-and-low-power switching and amplification applications. Slkor NPN Transistor BCP56-16 Product Image 1. Core Product Parameters Collector-base breakdown voltage: 100V Collector-emitter breakdown voltage: 80V Emitter-base breakdown voltage: 5V Continuous collector current: 1A Collector power dissipation: 1.5W Collector cut-off current: Max. 100nA under test condition of Vcb=30V DC current gain: 100-250 under test condition of Vce=2V, Ic=150mA Collector-emitter saturation voltage: Max. 0.5V under test condition of Ic=500mA, Ib=50mA Transition frequency: Min. 100MHz Storage temperature range: -65℃ ~ +150℃ Package type: SOT-223 2. Key Product Features It supports continuous collector current up to 1A to meet current-output requirements of medium-and-low-power circuits. Low collector-emitter saturation voltage reduces power loss under turn-on status. Wide-range DC current gain graded from 100 to 250 delivers stable amplification performance. Complementary PNP types BCP51~BCP53 are available for symmetric-circuit designs such as push-pull topology. SOT-223 package provides favorable heat dissipation performance for PCB layouts with relatively high power density. Minimum transition frequency reaches 100 MHz to support medium-and-high-frequency signal processing. 3. Main Application Fields Audio drive circuits and audio output-stage circuits. General-purpose medium-and-low-power signal amplification circuits. Medium-and-low-power switch control circuits. Push-pull output circuits requiring complementary PNP transistor pairing. 4. Suggestions for Engineering Design Do not exceed the device’s maximum rated voltage, current and power dissipation in practical circuits to prevent permanent device damage. SOT-223 package dissipates heat through PCB copper foil. Sufficient copper area shall be reserved in layout to keep junction temperature within safe limits. Collector cut-off current rises significantly with ambient temperature increase. Evaluate leakage-current impact on whole circuits under high-temperature working conditions. BCP51-BCP53 series PNP transistors can be selected as complementary-pair devices for push-pull circuit design. Select proper DC-gain grade according to practical operating current for amplifier-circuit design to secure stable operating point. 5. Product Summary BCP56-16 is an NPN power transistor housed in SOT-223 package, featuring 80V collector-emitter withstand voltage, 1A continuous collector current and 1.5W power dissipation. It has low saturation voltage and high current gain with corresponding complementary PNP devices available. This component targets audio-drive output as well as medium-and-low-power switching-amplification scenarios. With proper PCB thermal design, the device can operate reliably in consumer and industrial electronic circuits. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. BCP56-16To Product Page

SM4007PLA7 is the highest-reverse-voltage general-purpose plastic rectifier diode in Slkor Micro SM400xPL series with SOD-123FL package. Its rated parameters are calibrated under 25℃ ambient temperature. It features 1000V reverse withstand voltage and 1.0A average forward rectified current, with low reverse leakage current and high forward-surge-current resistance. It supports high-temperature soldering and has wide temperature adaptability, suitable for medium-low-power circuits for high-voltage rectification, protection and freewheeling. Slkor General Plastic-Encapsulated Rectifier Diode SM4007PLA7 Product Image I. Core Product Parameters Maximum repetitive peak reverse voltage: 1000V Maximum RMS voltage: 700V DC blocking voltage: 1000V Maximum average forward rectified current: 1.0A under 9.5 mm lead length and 75℃ ambient temperature Peak forward surge current: 30.0A under test condition of 8.3 ms single half sine-wave Maximum instantaneous forward voltage: 1.1V at 1.0A operating current DC reverse current: maximum 5.0 μA at 25℃, maximum 50.0 μA at 100℃ Typical reverse recovery time: 30.0 μs Typical junction capacitance: 15.0 pF Thermal resistance: junction-to-ambient 50.0℃/W, junction-to-lead 25.0℃/W Temperature parameters: maximum operating ambient temperature 150℃; junction and storage temperature range -50℃ ~ +175℃ Package and mechanical specifications: SOD-123FL molded plastic package; plated axial leads; color-band end is cathode; unrestricted mounting position; single-unit weight 0.3 gram. II. Core Product Features Plastic package complies with UL 94V-0 flammability grade and adopts void-free molded plastic construction. Low reverse leakage current reduces static power consumption of circuits. High capability of withstanding forward surge current to resist short-time large-current impulse. Capable of 250℃ / 10 seconds high-temperature soldering under test condition of 9.5 mm lead length and 2.3 kg tension. Terminals meet standard solderability requirements with no restriction on mounting angle during assembly. Wide junction and storage temperature range to adapt high-low-temperature working conditions. III. Main Application Fields Rectifier circuits on high-voltage side or secondary side of switching power supplies and power adapters. Anti-reverse-connection protection circuits for consumer electronics and small household appliances. Freewheeling and voltage-clamping circuits for miniature industrial control boards and relay coils. Half-wave high-voltage rectifier loops for chargers and battery-powered devices. General-purpose high-voltage rectification and surge-suppression scenarios for instruments and security equipment. IV. Suggestions for Engineering Design and Application Rated parameters are measured at 25℃. Derate average forward current when actual ambient temperature rises, and select components referring to the derating curve in datasheet. The 30.0A surge current is measured under 8.3 ms single half sine-wave condition. Do not directly adopt limit parameters under frequent heavy-impulse working conditions and keep sufficient design margin. Reverse leakage current rises significantly with temperature increase. Evaluate power consumption caused by leakage current for high-temperature applications. Strictly control soldering temperature, duration and lead tension to avoid physical damage to the device. Distinguish polarity in assembly. The color-band end of component body is cathode to prevent device failure caused by reversed polarity. Refer to junction-to-lead thermal resistance parameters in PCB layout, and properly design copper foil area to improve heat dissipation performance. Reverse recovery time and junction capacitance are typical test values. Practical prototype verification shall be carried out for high-frequency circuits. V. Product Summary SM4007PL+A7 is a high-voltage general-purpose rectifier diode in SOD-123FL package with 1000V reverse withstand voltage and rated average forward current of 1.0A. With flame-retardant package, surge-resistance and wide operating-temperature range, it is mainly used for medium-low-power circuits requiring high reverse withstand voltage, such as rectification, freewheeling and clamping protection, widely applied in consumer electronics and miniature industrial equipment. In engineering practice, current derating and thermal design shall be completed according to operating temperature to guarantee long-term operational reliability. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SM4007PLA7To Product Page

BC847B is an NPN silicon epitaxial planar transistor in SOT-23 surface-mount package. It delivers moderate current gain for switching and audio amplification circuits. With wide operating temperature range and compact package size, it fits miniaturized electronic products for signal processing. This document summarizes key parameters, core features, application scenarios and engineering recommendations to support component selection and circuit design. Slkor general-purpose signal switching and amplifying transistor BC847B product image 1. Core Product Parameters Package: SOT-23 Collector-Emitter breakdown voltage: 45V Collector-Base breakdown voltage: 50V Emitter-Base breakdown voltage: 6V Continuous collector current: 100mA Peak collector current: 200mA Total power dissipation: 300mW Maximum junction temperature: 150℃ Storage temperature range: -65℃ ~ +150℃ DC current gain Group B: minimum 200, maximum 450 Typical transition frequency: 300MHz 2. Core Product Features SOT-23 surface-mount package saves PCB space and supports automatic SMT assembly. Stable DC current gain of group B for small-signal amplification. Supports both switching mode and audio amplification mode. Corresponding complementary PNP type BC857B is available for push-pull circuit design. High transition frequency to handle medium-high frequency small-signal processing. Low leakage current for good static power consumption performance. 3. Main Application Range Audio signal amplification circuits General-purpose signal switching control circuits Signal conditioning for compact portable electronics General-purpose signal processing units in consumer electronics Push-pull amplifier circuits with complementary PNP transistor 4. Engineering Design Recommendations In practical circuits, continuous operating current shall not exceed 100mA, and peak transient current shall not exceed 200mA to avoid device damage. Power derating is required in circuit design. Actual power dissipation shall stay below the rated 300mW, and further derate under high-temperature conditions. Observe pin assignment: SOT-23 pins are base, emitter and collector. Avoid wrong pin connection during layout and soldering. Multiple gain grades including A/B/C are available. Confirm grade before selection. Group B provides medium gain. Select proper grade according to amplification requirement. For push-pull amplifier circuits, use complementary BC857B for device pairing. Storage temperature ranges from -65℃ to +150℃. Control soldering temperature and duration to prevent thermal damage. 5. Product Summary BC847B is a general-purpose NPN small-signal transistor in SOT-23 package, with 45V breakdown voltage and 100mA rated current. Group B offers DC current gain from 200 to 450. It works for both switching and audio amplification applications. Its compact form factor supports mass SMT production and complementary PNP counterpart is offered. Widely adopted for small-signal processing in consumer electronics. Proper derating on current and power, correct gain grade selection and correct pin connection are required to guarantee long-term stable circuit performance. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. BC847BTo Product Page

LM358S is a dual-channel general-purpose operational amplifier released by Slkor. The device integrates internal frequency compensation circuitry and supports both single-supply and split-supply operation modes. It features low power consumption and is suitable for battery-powered products. With a wide input common-mode voltage range that can accept ground-level signals, the component is available in two package variants and fits general op-amp applications such as signal conditioning and DC gain amplification. This document sorts out its parameters, features, applications and key engineering notes based on the device datasheet. Slkor LM358S Operational Amplifier Product Image 1. Core Product Parameters Power supply parameters: Single supply voltage ranges from 3V to 32V; split supply voltage ranges from ±1.5V to ±16V. Recommended operating ambient temperature ranges from 0℃ to 70℃. Gain parameters: Typical DC open-loop voltage gain is 100dB. Input parameters: Maximum input offset voltage is 9.0mV; maximum input offset current is 150nA; maximum input bias current is 500nA. Input common-mode voltage covers ground potential. Output parameters: Output voltage swing ranges from 0V DC to VCC-1.5V DC. Continuous output short-circuit tolerance is supported. Both output sink current and source current offer milliampere-level driving capacity. Package types: LM358D for DIP-8 package, LM358S for SOP-8 package. Absolute maximum ratings: Maximum junction temperature is 150℃; storage temperature ranges from -55℃ to +125℃; maximum input current per pin is 50mA. 2. Core Product Features Internal unity-gain frequency compensation is integrated, so stable operation can be achieved without external compensation components. Dual independent op-amp channels work without mutual interference, delivering good channel separation performance. High power-supply adaptability for both single-supply and split-supply operation. Low supply current consumption with slight variation against supply voltage makes it well-suited for battery-powered equipment. The input common-mode voltage range includes ground potential, enabling processing of ground-referenced input signals under single-supply conditions. Differential input voltage can reach the level of supply voltage, offering favorable input withstand capability. Low input offset voltage and input offset current reduce offset errors for DC signal amplification. Output short-circuit protection is implemented. The output pin can sustain continuous short-to-ground conditions. 3. Main Application Fields Amplification circuits for signals from various transducers, to amplify weak sensor output signals for signal conditioning. DC gain block circuits for level shifting and amplification of DC signals. Battery-powered portable electronic devices, where low power consumption helps extend battery service life. Analog interface circuits for digital systems. It can operate directly with 5V DC power without extra high-voltage power supplies. General-purpose op-amp circuits including voltage followers, comparison circuits, signal filtering and other conventional analog circuits. 4. Engineering Design Recommendations Although protection circuits against static voltage and electric field are built-in, voltages exceeding absolute maximum ratings shall not be applied to input, output and power-supply pins to avoid device damage. During normal operation, input voltage and output voltage shall be limited between ground potential and supply voltage. Input pins of unused op-amp channels shall be tied to proper voltage levels, either GND or VCC. Unused output pins shall be left open. Power derating is required for plastic packages. For DIP-8 package, power shall be reduced by 10mW per 1℃ temperature rise from 65℃ to 125℃. For SOP-8 package, power shall be reduced by 7mW per 1℃ temperature rise from 65℃ to 125℃. Extra input current will occur when input pin voltage is driven below -0.3V. Such operating conditions shall be avoided in design. Keep device operating temperature within the recommended 0-70℃ range to guarantee performance conforms to datasheet specifications. 5. Product Summary LM358S is a general-purpose dual-channel operational amplifier with wide supply voltage range and single-supply support for battery-powered scenarios. Its input accepts ground-level signals and internal frequency compensation is integrated. It is offered in DIP-8 and SOP-8 packages. Featuring stable performance and broad applicability, it serves as a common component for analog signal conditioning. Voltage, temperature and unused-pin design constraints shall be followed in engineering practice to ensure reliable device operation. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. LM358STo Product Page

ULN2003AU is a monolithic high-voltage and high-current Darlington transistor array developed by Slkor Micro. The device integrates seven groups of NPN Darlington pairs internally, with common-cathode clamp diodes for inductive load switching scenarios. Each single channel can deliver maximum collector current output of 500mA. A 2.7kΩ series base resistor is built-in for each input channel, enabling direct connection with TTL and 5V CMOS logic levels. It comes in SOP-16 package, while ULN2003AE of the same series adopts DIP-16 package. This component is widely used for driving relays, indicator lamps, display modules and other loads. 1. Core Product Parameters Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta=25℃) Collector-Emitter Voltage: 50V Input Voltage: 30V Peak Collector Current for single channel: 500mA Total Emitter-terminal Current: 500mA Power Dissipation: 950mW at ambient temperature 25℃; 495mW at ambient temperature 85℃ Operating Temperature Range: -40℃ ~ +85℃ Storage Temperature Range: -65℃ ~ +150℃ Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25℃) On-state Input Voltage: the maximum value is 2.4V, 2.7V and 3V under different collector-current test conditions Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage: typical value ranges from 0.9V to 1.2V according to different input current and collector current, with maximum value no higher than 1.6V Collector Cutoff Current: maximum 50μA at room temperature, maximum 100μA at 70℃ Clamp Diode Forward Voltage: typical value 1.7V, maximum 2V Off-state Input Current: typical value 65μA, minimum value 50μA Input Current: ranging from 0.95mA to 1.35mA when input voltage equals 3.85V Clamp Reverse Current: maximum 50μA at room temperature, maximum 100μA at 70℃ Input Capacitance: typical value 15pF, maximum 25pF Propagation Delay for high-to-low and low-to-high output: maximum 1μs for both conditions 2. Core Product Features Rated collector current of each single output channel reaches 500mA, and maximum output withstand voltage is 500V. Multiple Darlington channels can be paralleled to achieve higher output driving current. A 2.7kΩ series base resistor is integrated inside every channel. Direct compatibility with TTL and 5V CMOS logic devices is achieved without extra external current-limiting resistors. Internally equipped with common-cathode clamp diodes. For inductive loads such as relay coils, the diodes absorb reverse electromotive force generated at turn-off moment and protect the chip from damage of reverse high voltage. Two package options are available. ULN2003AE uses DIP-16 through-hole package and ULN2003AU uses SOP-16 surface-mount package to fit different PCB assembly processes. The input supports multiple types of logic level signals. Low signal propagation delay provides favorable switching response performance. 3. Main Application Fields Relay driving circuits, controlling on-off state of relay coils with small-amplitude logic signals. Driving electromagnetic actuators such as print hammers. Driving indicator lamps and incandescent lamp loads. Driving display devices including LED and gas discharge displays. Line driving and logic signal buffer circuits. 4. Suggestions for Engineering Design When driving inductive loads, make full use of the internal common-cathode clamp diodes. Connect COM pin to the positive terminal of load power supply to release reverse energy produced by inductors at power-off, and prevent component damage caused by reverse voltage. When paralleling multiple channels to expand output current capacity, refer to component characteristic curves. Pay attention to restrictions on maximum allowable output current brought by duty cycle and number of simultaneously-enabled channels. Do not simply add up rated current of single channels. Pay attention to power dissipation of the device. The maximum allowable power dissipation decreases when ambient temperature rises. Sufficient power margin shall be reserved for high-temperature working conditions. No external base resistor is required for input signals directly sourced from TTL or 5V CMOS chips. For input of other voltage level standards, evaluate input current to avoid input current overflow. Keep the emitter pin reliably connected to ground. All voltage parameters take emitter potential as reference benchmark. Take output saturation voltage into consideration during circuit design. Include saturation voltage drop in load loop voltage budget to avoid insufficient actual working power of loads. 5. Product Summary ULN2003AU is a seven-channel integrated Darlington transistor array. Darlington amplifying transistors, base current-limiting resistors and protective clamp diodes for inductive loads are fully integrated inside the chip, which greatly reduces the quantity of peripheral components. Compatible with conventional digital logic outputs, it amplifies weak logic signals to drive various low-and-medium power resistive and inductive loads. The SOP-16 surface-mount package suits high-density PCB layout, while the through-hole variant fits manual soldering and prototype debugging. It serves as a widely-adopted load-driving component in industrial control and household appliance circuits. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. ULN2003AUTo Product Page

TL431 is a three-terminal adjustable shunt voltage reference device released by SLKORMICRO. It delivers excellent temperature stability with typical dynamic output impedance of 0.2Ω. Its output voltage can be adjusted up to 36V, and it supports shunt operating current from 1mA to 100mA. Featuring low output noise and fast on-state response, it is available in SOT-23 and TO-92 packages. It can replace zener diodes in most circuits, and is widely used in voltage regulation and current-limiting circuit designs. Its operating junction temperature ranges from -40℃ to +125℃, suitable for building reference voltage circuits in industrial and consumer electronics. 1. Core Product Parameters Voltage parameters: Maximum cathode voltage 36V; typical reference input voltage 2.5V, minimum 2.475V, maximum 2.525V. Current parameters: Continuous cathode current range -100mA ~ +150mA; reference input current range 0.05mA-10mA; minimum cathode current for regulation typical 0.45mA, maximum 1.0mA; off-state cathode current typical 0.05A, maximum 1.0A. Impedance parameter: Typical dynamic output impedance 0.2Ω, maximum 0.5Ω. Power dissipation and thermal parameters: Power dissipation 300mW for SOT-23 package, junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 417℃/W; power dissipation 500mW for TO-92 package, junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 250℃/W. Temperature parameters: Operating junction temperature -40℃ ~ +125℃; storage temperature -65℃ ~ +150℃; typical equivalent temperature coefficient 50ppm/℃ across full temperature range. Package information: SOT-23 package with marking 431, reel packing, 3000pcs per reel; TO-92 part TL431L, bulk bag packing, 1000pcs per bag. Pin assignment: For SOT-23, pin1 is reference, pin2 is cathode, pin3 is anode. For TO-92, pin1 is reference, pin2 is anode, pin3 is cathode. 2. Key Product Features Adjustable output voltage up to 36V, meeting various reference voltage requirements. Low dynamic output impedance with typical value of 0.2Ω, so reference voltage is slightly disturbed by load current. Wide shunt operating current range from 1mA to 100mA. Low output noise voltage for high-purity reference output. Fast on-state response for sensitive dynamic circuit regulation. Effective temperature compensation across full operating temperature range with stable temperature drift performance. Direct replacement for conventional zener diodes with good component compatibility. Two package options including SOT-23 surface-mount and TO-92 through-hole for different PCB layout requirements. 3. Main Application Fields Shunt regulator circuits for basic reference voltage stabilization loops. High-current shunt regulator circuits for voltage stabilization under high-current working conditions. Precision current limiter for accurate current-limit protection of circuits. 4. Engineering Design Recommendations A capacitor with value higher than 0.1μF is recommended to connect at the device output pin to smooth output voltage and suppress voltage fluctuation. The filter capacitor shall be placed as close as possible to the device output pin, with the shortest wiring path to ground to reduce interference caused by parasitic parameters of traces. The cathode operating current shall exceed the minimum cathode current for regulation to guarantee normal regulating operation of the device. Actual power dissipation of the device shall be controlled below the maximum rated power dissipation of corresponding package to prevent overheating damage. Pay attention to pin arrangement difference between two packages. The anode and cathode pin sequence of SOT-23 differs from TO-92. Verify pin definition during PCB layout and soldering to avoid wrong wiring. The reference terminal draws input current. Its influence on output voltage shall be considered when selecting voltage divider resistors. 5. Product Summary TL431 is a mature three-terminal adjustable shunt voltage reference chip. It features wide voltage adjustment range, favorable temperature stability and low dynamic impedance, together with broad operating current range. It supports both surface-mount and through-hole packages, and can easily replace zener diodes for voltage regulation and current-limiting circuits. In practical engineering design, attention shall be paid to filter capacitor placement, minimum operating current, power dissipation limit and pin differences of different packages. When operating conditions are satisfied, the chip delivers stable and reliable reference voltage, and fits various circuit systems such as consumer electronics and industrial control. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. TL431To Product Page

SL2312 is an N-Channel power MOSFET released by Slkormicro. It adopts SOT-23 surface-mount package with 20V drain-source withstand voltage and 5A continuous drain current. This device features low on-state resistance and favorable switching speed. It is widely used in battery protection, load switch and power-management circuits, and serves as a common power component for compact power-switching applications. 1. Core Product Parameters Absolute Maximum Ratings (at ambient temperature of 25 ℃) Drain-source voltage: 20V Gate-source voltage: 8V Continuous drain current: 5A Pulsed drain current: 18A Total device power dissipation: 1250mW Maximum junction operating temperature: 150 ℃ Storage temperature range: -55 ℃ to 150 ℃ Electrical Characteristics (at ambient temperature of 25 ℃) Minimum drain-source breakdown voltage: 20V Gate threshold voltage range: 0.45V-1.2V Maximum body diode forward voltage drop: 1.5V Maximum zero-gate-voltage drain current is 1uA at room temperature and 10uA under 55 ℃ Maximum gate-body leakage current: 100nA Maximum on-state resistance is 25mΩ under 4.5V gate-source voltage and 5A operating current Maximum on-state resistance is 35mΩ under 2.5V gate-source voltage and 2A operating current Maximum on-state resistance is 50mΩ under 1.8V gate-source voltage and 1A operating current Typical input capacitance: 650pF; Typical output capacitance: 120pF Typical turn-on time: 20ns; Typical turn-off time: 60ns Package Dimensions The device comes in SOT-23 surface-mount package. The package body length ranges from 2.800 mm to 3.000 mm. The body width ranges from 1.200 mm to 1.400 mm. The overall device height ranges from 0.900 mm to 1.150 mm. 2. Key Product Features High current-handling capacity. It supports 5A continuous operating current and maximum 18A short-time pulsed current. Excellent performance of on-state resistance under different gate drive voltages. It maintains low on-state resistance even with 2.5V low gate drive voltage, which is compatible with low-voltage drive circuits. SOT-23 surface-mount package reduces PCB footprint and fits miniaturized electronic products. Lead-free construction meets lead-free manufacturing requirements. Short turn-on and turn-off time delivers fast switching performance for switching circuits. 3. Main Application Fields Battery protection circuits for over-current protection and discharge path control of lithium-ion batteries and other energy-storage devices. Load switches for on-off control of loops in various electronic equipment. Power-management related circuits in consumer electronics and compact devices. 4. Engineering Design Recommendations Sufficient voltage margin shall be reserved in practical circuits. Long-term operation close to the absolute maximum 20V withstand voltage shall be avoided to prevent device breakdown. Gate-source voltage must not exceed 8V. Excessive gate voltage will permanently damage gate dielectric layer and cause device failure. Device power dissipation is affected by ambient temperature. Derating of allowable continuous power is required when ambient temperature rises, to keep junction temperature below 150 ℃. This device integrates body diode. Pay attention to heat generation caused by forward voltage drop when reverse current flows through the body diode. In switching circuit design, switching loss brought by input and output capacitance shall be considered. Reasonable gate drive resistance shall be selected to balance switching noise and switching speed. The 18A pulsed drain current applies only to short-time pulse conditions instead of continuous operation. Pulse width and duty cycle constraints from datasheet must be followed. 5. Product Summary SL2312 is an N-Channel power MOSFET in SOT-23 package, rated for 20V withstand voltage and 5A continuous drain current. It achieves good on-state resistance performance under low-voltage gate drive with compact package size. Its overall parameters suit medium-and-low power switching scenarios including battery protection, load switches and power management. It is suitable for power-loop design of space-constrained consumer electronic products. Derating design complying with absolute maximum ratings is required for long-term stable circuit operation. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SL2312To Product Page

SL232E is a single-supply dual-channel RS-232 standard interface transceiver chip developed by Slkor. Its input levels are compatible with CMOS levels, and its output levels match CMOS, NMOS and TTL integrated circuits. It operates with a supply voltage ranging from 2.0 V to 6.0 V and is packaged in SOP-16. An internal voltage multiplier unit generates positive and negative driving voltages required for RS-232 communication from a single power supply, realizing bidirectional level conversion between TTL/CMOS and RS-232. It is suitable for serial-communication applications in various high-performance information-processing systems and control devices. 1. Core Product Parameters Power supply parameters: Operating supply voltage range 2.0-6.0 V, recommended operating supply voltage range 4.5-5.5 V; maximum static consumption current 14.0 mA. Signal level parameters: Receiver inputs accept RS-232 levels with an input voltage tolerance range of -30 V to 30 V. Receiver outputs and transmitter inputs adopt TTL/CMOS levels. Transmitter outputs provide RS-232 levels. Receiver input resistance ranges from 3.0 kΩ to 7.0 kΩ. Current parameters: Maximum input low current 10.0 μA; maximum input high current 10.0 μA; output current 24 mA; minimum latching current 450 mA at 25 ℃; maximum transmitter short-circuit output current ±60 mA. Static-potential tolerance parameter: Minimum tolerable static potential 2000 V. Rate and timing parameters: Maximum information transmission rate 120 kbit/s; maximum receiver signal propagation delay 10 μs; maximum transmitter signal propagation delay 6.0 μs. Temperature parameters: Recommended operating ambient temperature -40 ℃ to 85 ℃; absolute maximum ambient temperature -60 ℃ to 150 ℃. Package: SOP-16. 2. Core Product Features Operates from a single power supply. The internal voltage multiplier circuit generates positive and negative voltages required by the RS-232 interface without external positive-negative power supplies. Dual-channel transceiving paths, including 2 transmitters and 2 receivers, supporting two groups of bidirectional level conversion between RS-232 and TTL/CMOS. CMOS-compatible input levels; outputs can interface with CMOS, NMOS and TTL integrated circuits, matching IO ports of mainstream main-control chips. Hysteresis characteristic on receivers to improve anti-interference performance for communication. Short-circuit protection; transmitter outputs can sustain continuous short-circuit conditions. High electrostatic-discharge resistance with minimum 2000 V static-potential tolerance to enhance field-application reliability. Low input current; input current can reach 0.1 μA at 25 ℃ and reduces load consumption for preceding driving circuits. Supports maximum 120 kbit/s communication rate to meet rate requirements of conventional RS-232 serial communication. 3. Main Application Fields Industrial-control equipment: RS-232 serial-communication interfaces for industrial controllers and field measurement-and-control devices. High-performance information-processing systems: Serial-port expansion modules for embedded devices and industrial computers. Instruments and meters: Serial-port data-exchange interfaces for measuring and testing equipment. Consumer and commercial communication peripherals: Serial-port conversion modules and serial-port debugging adapters. General-purpose control devices: Hardware circuits requiring bidirectional conversion between TTL and RS-232 levels. 4. Engineering Design Recommendations Power-supply circuit: Keep the supply voltage on the VCC pin within 2.0-6.0 V; 4.5-5.5 V is preferred in practical engineering. Place a 0.1 μF power-supply filter capacitor close to the VCC pin and connect the GND pin reliably to the system ground plane. Charge-pump external capacitors: Pins C1+, C1-, C2+, C2-, V+ and V- must be connected to 0.1 μF external capacitors for the voltage multiplier unit. Place capacitors as close to corresponding chip pins as possible and shorten trace lengths to ensure normal positive-negative-voltage output of the charge pump. Signal-interface processing: For RS-232 receiver-input pins R1IN and R2IN, 5 kΩ pull-down resistors can be applied referring to reference schematic to optimize receiver operating status. Connect TTL/CMOS transmitter-input pins T1IN and T2IN directly to main-control IO ports. Connect receiver-output pins R1OUT and R2OUT to main-control receiving IO ports. Layout design: Separate RS-232 signal traces from TTL digital-signal traces appropriately to reduce crosstalk between high-voltage and low-voltage signals. Add extra protective components for external RS-232 interfaces to suppress external surge interference. Operating-condition control: Maintain chip ambient temperature within the recommended range of -40 ℃ to 85 ℃. Avoid long-term operation exceeding transmitter short-circuit-current specifications to prevent device damage. Rate matching: Do not exceed the maximum 120 kbit/s communication rate in actual deployment. Keep load capacitance within datasheet limits to guarantee signal timing quality. 5. Product Summary SL232E is a SOP-16 packaged dual-channel RS-232 transceiver chip. It realizes bidirectional level conversion between TTL/CMOS and RS-232 with a single power supply. Only a small number of external capacitors are needed to build a complete serial-port conversion circuit. Featuring wide operating-voltage range, electrostatic resistance, short-circuit endurance and hysteresis-based anti-interference capability, this chip works within industrial-grade temperature range. It fits RS-232 serial-circuit design for industrial equipment, instruments and embedded systems, and serves as a practical device for general-purpose serial-port level conversion. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SL232ETo Product Page

SL3232E is an RS-232 standard serial interface transceiver chip developed by Slkor. It adopts SOP-16 package. Built-in charge-pump voltage multiplier circuit only requires four external capacitors to realize mutual conversion between RS-232 level and TTL/CMOS level. It operates with single-supply voltage ranging from 3.0 V to 5.5 V, featuring 2 transmitter channels and 2 receiver channels. Its maximum communication rate reaches 120 kbit/s. Complying with EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 industry standards, it is suitable for various electronic devices requiring long-distance serial data interaction. I. Core Product Parameters Power supply: Single-supply operation, operating voltage 3.0 V ~ 5.5 V; absolute maximum supply voltage 6 V. Channel configuration: 2 transmitters and 2 receivers. Interface level: Transmitter outputs RS-232 level; receiver accepts RS-232 input level; receiver outputs TTL/CMOS level. Receiver input voltage: Acceptable input voltage range -25 V ~ 25 V. Communication rate: Maximum data transfer rate 120 kbit/s. Quiescent current: Maximum quiescent current 1.0 mA under idle output condition. Operating temperature: Ambient operating temperature -40 ℃ ~ 85 ℃. Package: SOP-16 surface-mount package. Compliance: Conforms to EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 interface specifications. II. Key Product Features Single-supply operation without positive-negative dual power supplies. The built-in charge-pump boost circuit generates positive and negative output voltages required by RS-232 bus with external capacitors. Dual-channel transmitter and dual-channel receiver integrated, supporting simultaneous conversion of multi-channel serial signals. Supply voltage compatible with mainstream 3.3 V and 5 V system power supplies, matching most MCU control circuits. The receiver input pin has wide voltage tolerance to resist abnormal voltage surges on serial lines. The transmitter supports short-circuit current limiting to reduce risk of device damage under fault conditions. Industrial-grade temperature performance for stable operation from -40 ℃ to 85 ℃. Standard SOP-16 surface-mount package for convenient PCB mass assembly and good general compatibility. III. Main Application Fields Industrial control equipment: PLCs, industrial meters, field acquisition terminals for long-distance serial communication. Consumer electronics: Desktop peripherals, serial debugging adapters for TTL-to-RS-232 level conversion. Embedded systems: Single-chip microcomputers, ARM main-control boards for expanding RS-232 serial communication interfaces. Communication equipment: Serial data transmission modules for long-distance data exchange between devices. Security equipment, instruments and other electronic devices requiring RS-232 standard interfaces. IV. Engineering Design Recommendations External capacitor selection: For 3.3 V power-supply systems, use 0.1 μF for four external capacitors. For 5.0 V power-supply systems, select 0.047 μF and 0.33 μF for charge-pump capacitors with tolerance of ±10%. PCB layout: Place charge-pump external capacitors as close as possible to corresponding chip pins, shorten traces to reduce charge-pump noise and guarantee RS-232 output level amplitude. Place a 0.1 μF decoupling capacitor close between VCC and GND pins to suppress power-supply disturbance. RS-232 receiver pins tolerate wide-range input voltage, yet external protection circuits are recommended to avoid device damage caused by ESD and surge. Actual communication rate is affected by external load capacitance and resistance. Slew rate will decrease with higher load capacitance, so baud rate shall be reduced accordingly. Avoid permanent continuous short-circuit at chip outputs. Even with short-circuit current limiting, long-term short-circuit will cause temperature rise and shorten service life. V. Product Summary SL3232E is a dual-channel RS-232 interface transceiver. It uses single-supply power and realizes level conversion through internal charge-pump. It accepts wide 3.0 V-5.5 V input supply with maximum data rate of 120 kbit/s and robust industrial-grade temperature performance. The SOP-16 package fits mass surface-mount production and works well with mainstream 3.3 V and 5 V embedded systems. It is widely used in devices requiring level conversion between TTL/CMOS and RS-232. For stable serial-port communication, designers shall select external capacitors as specified in datasheet and optimize PCB routing. About Slkor： Slkor has research and development offices in Busan, South Korea, Beijing, China, and Suzhou, China. Most of the wafer manufacturing and packaging and testing are carried out within China. The company employs and collaborates with individuals and organizations worldwide, with a laboratory for product performance and reliability testing and a central warehouse located at its headquarters in Shenzhen. Slkor has filed for over a hundred invention patents, offers more than 2,000 product models, and serves over ten thousand customers globally. Its products are exported to countries and regions including Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, making it one of the rapidly growing semiconductor companies in recent years. With well-established management systems and streamlined workflows, Slkor has rapidly enhanced the brand awareness and reputation of its "SLKOR" brand through its outstanding quality and standardized services. Its product range includes three major series: diodes, transistors, and power devices, with recent introductions of new products such as Hall elements and analog devices, expanding its presence in sensors, Risc-v microcontrollers, and other product categories. SL3232ETo Product Page

SIC promotes how the future semiconductor will improve the performance of automobiles and other industries. Cree company Wolfspeed chief technical officer John Palmour's many power systems are changing from silicon (SI) technology to silicon carbide technology. This will be the biggest change in the power semiconductor industry experience since the transformation of bipolar semiconductors in the 1980s to insulation grid bipolar transistors (IGBT). At the same time that this transformation has taken place, many affected industries are also experiencing unusual comprehensive changes. From the automotive industry to solar energy, the advantages of silicon carbide (SIC) have become unlike. Great changes

After entering the 21st century, electronic information technology has become the most important technology, and electronic components are the prerequisite for the development of electronic information technology. In order to promote the further development of electronic information technology, it is necessary to improve the reliability of electronic components, so we must understand the mechanism, mode, and analysis technology of electronic components. 1. The meaning of failure is the failure of electronic components. The important part of various electronic systems or electronic circuits is generally different types of components. When the components they need more, the complexity of its equipment is high; otherwise, it is low. Generally, the circuit failure is also defined as the loss of the function of the circuit system. 2. The classification of failure is based on different standards.

Harmony is not a strange vocabulary in the power industry. The interference of the high -second harmonic is a "public harm" that affects the quality of electrical energy in the current power system, and it needs to be adopted. Harmony is a steady -state electrical energy quality index parameter, which must be different from the temporary phenomenon. Many people hope that the harmonic protector will be used for harmonic filtering to reduce losses. So is the harmonic protector really so amazing and useful? Can it improve the quality of electricity to a certain extent? 1 The definition of harmonics is defined internationally as: Harmony refers to the amount of frequency contained in the voltage and current as the percussion of the base wave. Generally, it refers to the periodic sine voltage and current of Fourier. Class decomposition, base

The DC inverter hot water circulation pump solution based on the GD32E230C8 design The hot water circulating pump is the device that removes the cold water retention at home pipes through the internal circulation to the heat heating system, and then the hot water is then transported to all the water pipes in all the water pipes. The hot water circulating pump realizes hot water and is used. It does not need to wait, which greatly improves the comfort of the family with hot water. At the same time, the preheating circulation technology of the home thermal water circulation pump avoids the unforgettable waste of cold water in the middle of the traditional water heater, saving a lot of living water, and is a must -have product for modern high -end home life. Introduction to the scheme uses the DC inverter hot water circulating pump controller series solutions designed by GD32E230C8T6, and uses GD32E230C8T

, Quickly replaced the electric phone, which has become an indispensable tool for the work of dental work today. It adopts Zhaoyi Innovation GD32E230/F303 series MCU as the main control. It has the characteristics of fast, stable, low noise, low cost and other characteristics. It can be used for oral department. Hold high -speed dental car needles for drilling, molars, tooth washing and beauty care. Electric parameter u0026 middot; speed ≥

In the range hood, the frequency conversion control of the air conditioner in the air conditioner. The plan is based on the GD32F130 series MCU design of GIGADEVICE's GIGADEVICE. The MCU is equipped with the Cortex-M3 kernel. The software can implement PI control, SVPWM generator, motor state observer; The chip meets the industrial -level work temperature and ESD,

With the emergence and development of large -scale integrated circuits, the single -chip microcomputer (MCU) integrates the CPU, RAM, ROM, timer, and multiple I/O interfaces on the original computer to a chip -level computer. This is also the prototype of the world's first micro controller (MCU)-TMS 1000 series (below) invented by Gary Boone and Michael Cochran of TI engineers. Later, Japanese electronic manufacturers began to produce car -controlled cars, including 4 -bit MCUs used for in -car entertainment, automatic wiper, electronic locks and dashboards, and 8 -bit MCUs for engine control. * TI's TMS 1000 series MCU* time to time

Aspencore released the "Chinese IC Design 100 Rankings" at the China IC Leadership Summit in 2021, showing the Chinese semiconductor industry people with 100 best IC design companies. We divide the companies on the list into 10 categories, select TOP 10 from about 30 companies in each category, and finally form a "100 rankings in China IC Design". Below we interpret the screening standards and reasons for the selection of these 100 companies. The listed company (PUBLIC) TOP 10 listed companies rank in accordance with the "Comprehensive Power Index". The comprehensive strength index is determined by the following three factors: 1.2020 fiscal revenue (weight 0.5)

The silicon carbide (SIC) material is the main progress direction of the power semiconductor industry. It is used to make power devices, which can significantly improve the power utilization rate. In the foreseeable future, new energy vehicles are the main application scenarios of silicon carbide power devices. As a pioneer of technology, Tesla has taken the lead in integrating all -line silicon carbide modules in Model 3, and other first -tier car companies also plan to expand the application of silicon carbide. With the increasing reduction in the cost of silicon carbide devices and the gradual maturity of process technology, the silicon carbide power device industry is expected in the future. [What is silicon carbide?] Silicon carbide (SIC) is the third -generation compound semiconductor material. The cornerstone of the semiconductor industry is a chip. The core materials of making chips are divided into the historical process: the first generation of semiconductor materials (mostly high -purity silicon currently widely used