— Song Shiqiang, SlkorDuring the development of Huaqiangbei, "Shanzhai phones" became a topic that could not be ignored. In 2007 alone, the shipment volume of Huaqiangbei Shanzhai phones reached 150 million units, accounting for one-sixth of the world’s total mobile phone production that year. The rise and fall of Shanzhai phones happened rapidly. It created many millionaires from the tiny "one-meter counters" in Huaqiangbei, but it also led to tragic stories, such as the bankruptcy and mental breakdown of "Prince of Shanzhai Phones," Chen Jinling.The Shanzhai phone phenomenon also had a positive side. It helped promote Huaqiangbei’s maker culture, turning Shenzhen into a "Silicon Valley of Hardware" and a "Paradise for Entrepreneurship." It also gave birth to local mobile phone brands such as Meizu, G5, Longcheer, and Transsion. In many ways, it became the foundation of the "Huaqiangbei maker spirit" and the "Shenzhen entrepreneurial spirit."However, the Shanzhai phone industry was also in conflict with the government’s push for intellectual property protection, patent awareness, and brand development at that time. As a result, it stood at the crossroads of market growth, technological innovation, government regulation, economic development, business ethics, and legal construction. Conflicts and failures became almost unavoidable, which is why official media and many economists rarely discussed Huaqiangbei’s Shanzhai phone.Authoritative media and professional institutions, including Harvard Business Review, have studied the cases of MediaTek and the white box handset market using various business analysis models. These include SWOT analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, PESTEL analysis, VRIO analysis, value chain analysis, BCG matrix analysis, Ansoff matrix analysis, and marketing mix analysis.As a long-time witness to Huaqiangbei, I, Song Shiqiang from Kinghelm and Slkor, aim to objectively and truthfully record what I saw and experienced, restoring the real history of Huaqiangbei during that era. By applying basic theories of socioeconomics, I also hope to systematically analyze the deeper logic behind the "Huaqiangbei Shanzhai phone" phenomenon and pay tribute to an era filled with opportunity and rapid economic growth. Shanzai! MediaTek and the White Box Handset Market Case Study Solution Analysis Following the previous article by Mr. Song of Slkor, Research on Huaqiangbei Shanzhai Phones (Part Ⅰ), this section continues the discussion on the origin of "Shanzhai," the technological evolution of Huaqiangbei Shanzhai phones, and the two major boom periods of the industry.Ⅳ. The Wealth Miracle of HuaqiangbeiHuaqiangbei Subdistrict in Futian District, Shenzhen, possessed all the favorable conditions for the concentration of wealth and the creation of a large number of millionaires and billionaires — the perfect combination of "timing, location, and people."At the beginning of China’s reform and opening-up, the world was experiencing the third major global industrial transfer, during which manufacturing of industrial products shifted from Europe, the United States, and the Four Asian Tigers to China. This was the "right timing." Shenzhen, as one of China’s first four Special Economic Zones, enjoyed independent legislative authority, highly flexible policies, and a strategic geographic position adjacent to Hong Kong — the "Pearl of the Orient" — while also being close to Southeast Asia, home to many overseas Chinese business communities. This was the "right location." Meanwhile, large numbers of migrant workers from across China poured into Shenzhen. They had received basic education, were hardworking and disciplined, and accepted relatively low wages and benefits, resulting in low labor costs. This was the "right people."Huaqiangbei was famous for its "three abundances" — people, goods, and money. At its peak, Huaqiangbei was home to over 60,000 small and medium-sized enterprises and 40,000 self-employed businesses, with approximately 500,000 daily workers and merchants. During holidays, visitor traffic exceeded 800,000 people, and shoppers often had to queue just to enter malls such as Vanguard Department Store and Women’s World.Annual transaction volume in Huaqiangbei surpassed RMB 300 billion. Transfer fees for just one meter of counter space could reach RMB 300,000, while prime retail properties in SEG Plaza sold for as much as RMB 300,000 per square meter. Although Vanguard Department Store had a business area of only 3,000 square meters, its daily revenue once reached RMB 3 million, making it one of the world’s highest-performing retail spaces in terms of sales per square meter. Over the course of 30 years, Huaqiangbei’s economic output surged from less than RMB 2 billion to RMB 300 billion, transforming the former "Shangbu Industrial Zone" into "China’s No.1 Electronics Street." The GDP of Huaqiangbei Subdistrict in Futian District eventually rivaled that of Yuehai Subdistrict in Nanshan District, one of Shenzhen’s most renowned economic hubs. Mr. Song of Slkor Summarizes the Wealth Phenomenon of Shenzhen Huaqiangbei Mr. Cheng Yimu from the Shenzhen Electronics Chamber of Commerce is one of the witnesses to the history of Huaqiangbei. According to him, Huaqiangbei was originally the center of Shenzhen’s electronic information industry. At that time, the Shangbu Industrial Zone, where Huaqiangbei is located, gathered many famous electronics factories and government-affiliated institutions, including Huaqiang Sanyo TV, SED Philips, Jinghua Electronics, SEG Hitachi, and Huaqiang Electronics Factory.After China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), mainland China rapidly became the "world’s factory." The electronics and information industry experienced explosive growth, and driven by giants such as SEG and Huaqiang, Huaqiangbei quickly rose to become "China’s No.1 Electronics Street."At the same time, in areas beyond the reach of strict government regulation, the power of the gray market also created economic miracles. The Shanzhai phone supply chain quietly developed across the Pearl River Delta before eventually evolving in Huaqiangbei into a powerful industry force. Many outsiders who came to Huaqiangbei to make a living were willing to challenge old rules and embrace disruptive innovation.The rise of Huaqiangbei’s free-market ecosystem was essentially a process of optimizing resources and driving industrial innovation. Some small business owners operating from tiny "one-meter counters" gradually became known as the first "Huaqiangbei makers." The district’s unique business model and profit-sharing culture encouraged ambitious newcomers to experiment, compete, and innovate. In an environment where "anything not forbidden could be tried," Huaqiangbei created its own era of glory.Many people also grew stronger through repeated failures and fierce business competition, eventually becoming well-known entrepreneurs. This is the "Huaqiangbei culture" summarized by Mr. Song of Slkor and Kinghelm — a culture defined by innovation, risk-taking, resilience, and pragmatism. Huaqiangbei Was Originally a Hub for the Electronics and Information Industry — Photo Provided by Cheng Yimu Media strategist Wang Zhigang once said, "God releases the devil, but the devil creates paradise." This reflects the sociological theory of "unintended consequences," where an original intention A eventually leads to a completely different result B within a complex and changing social environment.A well-known example is Sildenafil. It was originally developed to treat high blood pressure and angina, but later became famous for treating erectile dysfunction and improving kidney health in traditional Chinese understanding. This theory can also help explain the wealth miracle created by the Huaqiangbei Shanzhai phone industry.Now, I cannot resist giving everyone another serious-but-funny lesson about the Chinese habit of "supplementing" health. Chinese people seem to love "boosting" everything. Men focus on strengthening the kidneys, women focus on nourishing the blood, and many households keep traditional medicines like Liuwei Dihuang Pills and Wuji Baifeng Pills in their drawers. Water cups are often filled with goji berries, red dates, or cassia seeds.Children need extra tutoring, programmers need extra sleep, and elderly people hurry to supermarkets every day to stock up on free eggs for the fridge. It feels as if, without some kind of "supplement," people become mentally uneasy and physically weak. Back in the peak years of China’s mobile phone industry, aside from the "Zhonghua Kuolian" group — ZTE, Huawei, Coolpad, and Lenovo — almost every other company had a complicated and inseparable connection with the Huaqiangbei shanzhai phone.ODM companies such as Huaqin, Longcheer, Huiye, Wingtech, Yude, HEDY, Haipai, and Tinno built massive businesses during that era, and the founders behind them largely became billionaires. Mobile phone brands including Gionee, GFive, and Transsion helped figures such as Liu Lirong, Zhang Zhixue, and Zhu Zhaojiang rise to fortunes worth billions or even tens of billions of yuan.Shanghai Moshang, a company that profited from providing "shanzhai phone" solutions, was officially registered in Shanghai, yet its manufacturing base and technical ecosystem were still deeply tied to Huaqiangbei. Design firms such as Artop and Jialantu, specializing in mobile phone exterior styling and structural design, were also located in Huaqiangbei. Beyond them were countless influential figures hidden throughout different nodes of the supply chain, whose wealth stories were all closely connected to Huaqiangbei.I has always believed that among all the industries that created billionaires in Huaqiangbei, the "shanzhai mobile phone" wave operated at the highest capacity. It was this era that made Huaqiangbei famous across China and beyond, elevating it to the pinnacle of wealth creation. In 2012, carrying the modest savings I had accumulated from working in real estate, I returned to Huaqiangbei to seek new opportunities. At that time, Huaqiangbei was bursting with energy. During holidays, the main streets were packed shoulder to shoulder with crowds. Psy’s Korean hit "Gangnam Style" echoed through the streets and alleys, while advertisements for "Being a Woman Feels Great" shapewear underwear covered the walls. After enjoying Damu Chaoshan beef hotpot, many shop owners would head to "Cool Party KTV" for karaoke, and once the mood peaked, everyone would start dancing Psy’s famous "horse-riding dance."In order to break into Huaqiangbei’s high-end business circles, I often dressed like a polished gentleman, pretending to be a wealthy and cultured successful entrepreneur. I drove around in my third-hand BMW, with expired bottles of Moutai stored in the trunk, while enthusiastically explaining theories such as the "Kondratiev Cycle" and the "Fibonacci Golden Curve" to Huaqiangbei’s businesswomen. I even added the ancient business wisdom of Fan Li — "measuring surplus and shortage, distinguishing righteousness from profit" — as a finishing touch. People began to feel that Huaqiangbei still had its share of intellectuals.At first, the Huaqiangbei businesswomen remained cautious, suspecting that I was selling training courses, insurance, direct sales products, or cosmetic surgery services. But by discussing topics such as the characteristics of the integrated circuit industry, large-scale manufacturing, supply chain structures, geopolitical influences, and Huaqiangbei’s role as both an "inventory reservoir" and a critical intersection between production and sales, I gradually summarized several principles for rapidly building wealth in Huaqiangbei. Over time, they began to trust me.One businesswoman followed my theoretical model, made a fortune through electronic component trading, and bought herself a Bentley. She later gave me a Bentley car model as a gift — to clarify, it was a miniature Bentley model car, not a female Bentley sales representative, so don’t get the wrong idea. At that moment, I quietly realized to myself: coming back to Huaqiangbei this time had absolutely been the right decision. Huaqiangbei has hosted several waves of wealth creation, where even the "one-meter counter" shop owners’ wives caught a glimpse of its fortune trajectory. In the 1980s, it was imported electronic "junk"; in the 1990s, MP3s, MP4s, and computer assembly; today, 3C digital products and trendy electronic gadgets. Recent years have seen shortages of capacitors, resistors, MOSFETs, and memory chips; high demand for brands like Texas Instruments (TI), Silans, and STMicroelectronics; and disruptions from events such as the Thailand floods, the Japan earthquake, and the US-China tariff conflicts — all of which helped Huaqiangbei’s bosses and their wives make substantial profits.After striking their first pot of gold in Huaqiangbei, these entrepreneurs continued to grow and strengthen their businesses. Figures such as Wang Li of Haon Optics, Gao Yunfeng of Han’s Laser, Chen Zhilie of EVOC Intelligent, Cai Huabo of Jiangbolong, Song Shiqiang of Kinghelm and Slkor, Wang Laobao of Interling, and Chen Haisheng of Meilong, have all carved out distinct positions in their respective industries. They grew strong through hands-on experience in Huaqiangbei, driven by its culture of boldness, innovation, resilience, and pragmatism. "Shanzhai Manufacturing and Maker Entrepreneurs" Ⅴ. Huaqiangbei Mobile Phone Specialized MarketsThe commercial landscape of Huaqiangbei is primarily composed of three major sectors: daily consumer shopping areas, the "Electronics Street," and specialized markets. Department stores and shopping malls such as Maoye, Rainbow, Dreams-on, and 9square serve consumers within a half-hour living radius. The "Electronics Street" is centered around Huaqiang Electronics Market, SEG Plaza, New Asia, and Metropolis Electronics City. Specialized markets cover sectors like foreign trade clothing, watches, security products, computer malls, telecommunications, and gifts, with over 50 markets exceeding 50,000 square meters at their peak.It is said that Pony Ma initially assembled computers in Huaqiangbei before founding Tencent, and Huang Zhang of Meizu once sold MP3 players there. At the time, Huaqiangbei had several major markets for mobile phones and peripheral products: Yuanwang Digital City on Huaqiang Road, Mingtong Mobile Accessories Market on Huafa North Road, and Tongtiandi, Longsheng, and Feiyang Times Markets in the podium floors (1–3) of Huaken Building on the south side of Shennan Road, which were relatively smaller in scale. Huaqiangbei’s "shop in front, factory in back" model brought together manufacturers of small household appliances and 3C digital products from across the country, alongside nationwide and global sales channels. This convergence of supply chain and distribution networks forms a key hub and is the core competitive strength of Huaqiangbei At that time, the first to third floors of Yuanwang Digital City in Huaqiangbei were almost entirely filled with stalls selling shanzhai mobile phones. Today, only a few counters remain tucked away in the corners of the second and third floors, but many of the old trading practices are still preserved. Typically, on the glass countertop of a one-meter-wide stall, there would be one or two laminated A4 sheets listing available phone models, specifications, and prices. Deals were negotiated directly at the counter, while bulk deliveries would be arranged at separate locations to ensure security.Yuanwang Digital City mainly sold smuggled Hong Kong-version and U.S.-version phones, as well as refurbished devices. The refurbished brands were primarily Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, and other major international brands. Meanwhile, markets such as Mingtong Mobile Market, Tongtiandi Market, Longsheng Mobile Market, and Feiyang Times Market mainly specialized in shanzhai phones.In Huaqiangbei, almost every type of refurbished phone could be found. Naturally, all device identification codes had already been altered. Matching phone motherboards and compatible software were also readily available. Once the casing and cover panels were assembled, technicians would flash the software onto the device, perform a quick functional test, and the phone was ready for sale. Add a leather case and a few accessories, and the product could immediately be pushed into the market in large quantities. Shanzhai Mobile Phone Counters in Huaqiangbei Behind every counter stood a gray-market supply chain. For example, since mobile phones in Hong Kong were often cheaper than those in Huaqiangbei, they were smuggled into Shenzhen through various channels. Along Shatoujiao’s Chung Ying Street — with one side belonging to Hong Kong and the other to Shenzhen — smugglers on the Hong Kong side would hide flip phones inside the inner tubes of off-road bicycles. The bicycles would then be ridden across into Shenzhen, where the phones could be delivered to Huaqiangbei and sold for profit. A 26-inch bicycle inner tube could conceal up to 25 mobile phones.Refurbished phone motherboards for brands such as Nokia were collected from developed countries and secretly transported into China through various channels. Meanwhile, the domestic supply chain already had complete support for phone casings, numeric keypads, and related accessories.Of course, some counters and merchants specialized in spare parts for feature phones and 3C digital products, while others focused on repairs and after-sales service. I remember that the after-sales repair centers for ZTE phones and Philips phones were located in SEG Science & Technology Park and the Modern Window Building respectively. Slkor ISO9001 Quality System & ISO14001 Environmental System Certification The business conducted through Huaqiangbei’s "one-meter counters" was supported by a massive sales network behind the scenes. There were distribution and agency channels reaching across mainland China, as well as international trading networks built over many years. One unique phenomenon was the "Huaqiangbei backpackers" — buyers from all over the world carrying backpacks as they came to Huaqiangbei for sourcing, purchasing, or bulk procurement. According to unofficial statistics, during its peak period, as many as 7,000 foreign visitors came to Huaqiangbei every day to purchase goods, inspect products, or place wholesale orders.Large quantities of shanzhai phones and other 3C digital products from Huaqiangbei were continuously exported to countries and regions such as India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Africa, and South America. This extensive sales network, in turn, drove the growth of a complete industrial chain behind Huaqiangbei’s 3C digital products, including repair services, upgrades, accessories, and related support industries. Products such as Bluetooth earphones, mobile phone leather cases, screen protectors, and refurbished laptops became increasingly comprehensive, while constant upgrades and iterations kept the market aligned with the latest trends.In the early days, the production cost of a Huaqiangbei shanzhai phone was around 700 to 800 RMB per unit, while the selling price could exceed 1,000 RMB. With larger production volumes, costs dropped further and profits became even more substantial. Around 2012, however, high-end smartphones led by Apple and Samsung emerged, and Huaqiangbei’s shanzhai phone supply chain struggled to keep pace technologically. Many companies could only barely survive.Then came Xiaomi, founded by Lei Jun, with the Redmi smartphone launching at a shockingly low price of 799 RMB. It rapidly captured most of the market previously occupied by Huaqiangbei’s shanzhai phones, dealing the industry a devastating blow and effectively sending it into the ICU. Huaqiangbei’s shanzhai phone businesses were left with only a few choices: move elsewhere, upgrade and transform themselves, or be completely swept away by the tide of the market. Ⅵ. The Gray Ecosystem of "Huaqiangbei Shanzhai Phones"Huaqiangbei has always carried a kind of inherited "Shanzhai DNA." In its early days, the SEG Electronics Market mainly sold assembled computers and peripheral products, and a very high proportion of components were either Shanzhai (third-party) or refurbished parts. People in the industry even had a specific name for Shanzhai computers—they called them "compatible machines."It is said that the founder of the Hedy computer brand started his business by selling these compatible machines in Huaqiangbei. The founder of Hasee Computer, Wu Haijun, also reportedly began by trading hard drives in the same area. At that time, the Shanzhai computer market mainly revolved around refurbished motherboards from brands like GIGABYTE, Acer, and ASUS, along with second-hand memory modules from Samsung and Kingston, and hard drives from Seagate. These low-cost but functional combinations made the business extremely active and gradually formed a gray ecosystem centered in Huaqiangbei and spreading across the Pearl River Delta.In the early stage of Shanzhai mobile phones, peripheral industries were still relatively limited. However, with the rise of smartphones, the ecosystem quickly expanded. Early smartphones such as iPhones were fragile and had weak battery life, which directly led to the rapid growth of supporting industries like protective cases and power banks. At the same time, companies developing charging chips and related components also emerged.As smartphones became more powerful and mobile applications (apps) exploded in popularity, the peripheral product ecosystem continued to expand. A complete commercial loop formed around accessories such as charging cables, phone straps, and decorative items, and these booths became extremely profitable.In 2013, while I was running a Hong Kong-style tea restaurant near Foxconn in Longhua—trying to scale Hong Kong-style milk tea using a McDonald’s-style chain model across China—I noticed that some Foxconn employees were quietly involved in unusual activities.Their operation model was roughly like this: during night shifts, employees involved in pilot production would secretly take out prototype Apple devices. Accomplices waiting outside would collect them, quickly pass them to nearby manufacturers for molding, duplication, and parameter replication, and then return the samples before the morning shift change. Because of this, within just a few days of a new iPhone launch, Huaqiangbei could already produce Shanzhai versions of the same model, along with a complete set of matching accessories.Core components such as Shanzhai phone motherboards, due to their high value and higher risk, were traded in a much more hidden and mobile manner. Behind this chain, there was often a key "underworld big boss" who acted as an intermediary, organizing relationships, controlling resources, and stabilizing prices to protect profit margins while also ensuring the safety of participants. Each link in the chain typically maintained single-line contact to reduce exposure.These motherboards were often transported in vans such as JAC or Jinbei minibuses, which would continuously circulate around major Huaqiangbei mobile phone markets. Transactions would be finalized inside the vehicle or after the vehicle stopped nearby once a deal was agreed.A friend who ran an SMT assembly factory once told me that at the peak of the Shanzhai phone era, each motherboard he processed generated a net profit of about 15 RMB. His factory could produce around 10,000 units per day, bringing in about 150,000 RMB daily. When the cash was collected, he felt an almost overwhelming sense of achievement, like becoming the pride of his hometown. This situation lasted for several months. Later, as money accumulated too quickly, he even began to worry about whether he could "hold onto it," and eventually considered withdrawing from the industry entirely. In the Chinese TV drama The Knockout, Gao Qiqiang says, "The bigger the storm, the more expensive the fish." The same was true for the shanzhai phone industry centered around Huaqiangbei’s supply chain ecosystem. Those who entered early and timed the market correctly became wealthy, creating countless millionaires and billionaires. Others, however, suffered devastating failures — some lost both their businesses and families, like Chen Jinling; some were framed or sabotaged by rivals and ended up in prison "working the sewing machines," like a certain mobile phone tycoon surnamed Zhang who had once come from ZTE.As more and more people flooded into the industry chasing profits, the methods became increasingly ruthless, and the reality grew harsher. There were even stories of buyers hiring gangsters armed with knives and guns to seize shipments of certain motherboard models at the Feiyang Shidai Market in order to monopolize supply. Meanwhile, the former SMT factory owner mentioned earlier now spends his time posting photos on WeChat Moments of fishing trips, sunshine, and outings with his young girlfriend.Behind Huaqiangbei’s shanzhai phone industry stood not only underground players, but also major mainstream technology companies. Around 2006, MediaTek and Spreadtrum Communications introduced turnkey solutions for shanzhai mobile phones in Huaqiangbei. At the same time, suppliers such as GalaxyCore with its CMOS image sensors, RDA Microelectronics with the RDA5800 chip integrating RF and digital processing functions, along with Telegent Systems and FocalTech, all shipped products in massive volumes through Huaqiangbei.In 2013, Maxscend developed a low-power GPS LNA solution that was first tested and validated in several shanzhai smartphones in Huaqiangbei before eventually entering Samsung’s official supply chain. In many ways, Huaqiangbei’s shanzhai ecosystem also helped nurture and accelerate the growth of China’s electronics industry.Of course, not everyone involved in the shanzhai phone business made money. The owner of Hongfu Chaoshan Restaurant on Huaqiang South Road sold his restaurant and invested everything into the declining shanzhai phone market, only to lose it all in the end. I still remember the excellent taste of their braised beef brisket hotpot with tofu skin, and the owner’s warm smile as he handed me cigarettes.Chen Jinling, once nicknamed the "Prince of Huaqiangbei Shanzhai Phones," attempted to monopolize a best-selling phone model by stockpiling huge amounts of inventory. After his cash flow collapsed, his family fell apart and his mental state deteriorated. Today, he is often seen wandering aimlessly around Huaqiangbei.Song Shiqiang from Kinghelm and Slkor will soon release Research on Huaqiangbei "Shanzhai Phones" (Part Ⅲ) — stay tuned! Slkor Hall Sensor SL1613SH for Industrial and Consumer Electronics Author IntroductionMr. Song is a popular science lecturer of the Chinese Institute of Electronics, a member of the Electronic Information Expert Database of the China Association for Science and Technology, a science columnist, and a well-known researcher of Huaqiangbei’s commercial ecosystem.The companies he invests in and operates include Shenzhen Slkor Semiconductor Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Kinghelm Electronics Co., Ltd.. The brands "SLKOR" and "Kinghelm" have already gained recognition and reputation in international markets.Under the brand slogan "Kinghelm Connects the World," Kinghelm Electronics started with the development of Beidou/GPS navigation positioning antennas. The company has since expanded into microwave antennas, RF cable assemblies, and electrical signal connectors, actively embracing the era of the Internet of Everything and intelligent connectivity.Meanwhile, Slkor focuses on the development of semiconductor devices such as diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, and IGBTs, as well as sensors and related power devices. Together, these product lines serve more than 30,000 customers worldwide, providing both components and supporting technical solutions across industrial and consumer electronics applications. Mr. Song of Kinghelm and Slkor Awarded "Huaqiangbei Maker Mentor" Title Huaqiangbei representative figure Mr. Song is not only an entrepreneur who successfully founded two high-tech companies—Shenzhen Kinghelm Electronics Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Slkor Semiconductor Co., Ltd.—but also a long-term independent researcher and cultural observer of Huaqiangbei.For more than a decade, he has continuously tracked and studied the evolution and transformation of Huaqiangbei from a Folk scholar perspective. As a thinker and cultural communicator, he has worked to interpret and reshape Huaqiangbei’s commercial culture, aiming to let the world better understand this unique industrial ecosystem while promoting the global presence of the "Kinghelm" and "SLKOR" brands.He was among the first to systematically define and promote the concepts of "Huaqiangbei Spirit" and "Huaqiangbei Culture." As a cultural scholar, he organized the spontaneous entrepreneurial practices of Huaqiangbei into a structured theoretical framework. He refined the cultural essence into four key values: boldness in taking risks, innovation, resilience, and pragmatism.He also summarized Huaqiangbei’s industrial upgrade path as "imitation —improvement — innovation," and proposed that each "one-meter counter" in Huaqiangbei is essentially a "unit of innovation," representing a micro expression of entrepreneurial spirit. By recognizing the value of small and micro merchants as active "capillaries" of the economic system, he helped stimulate the innovation vitality of the entire ecosystem.In addition, he proposed the survival logic of Huaqiangbei: "light assets, fast iteration, high conversion, and information-driven operations," and creatively introduced the theory of Huaqiangbei as a "reservoir of the supply chain." This theory explains how Huaqiangbei uses inventory as a buffer to regulate upstream production capacity, efficiently match supply and demand, and reduce systemic industrial risks. This idea has become one of the foundational frameworks for studying the rapid development of China’s electronics industry after reform and opening-up.Under his leadership, Kinghelm Electronics has been deeply engaged in Beidou/GPS navigation antenna technology, contributing to the development of China’s independent navigation and positioning systems. Slkor Semiconductor focuses on silicon carbide power devices, rapidly expanding in fields such as new energy vehicles and photovoltaics. Together, the two brands serve more than 30,000 customers worldwide and have become representative symbols of Chinese intelligent manufacturing going global.In addition, the official Chinese and English websites of Kinghelm and Slkor have launched the column "Interviewing 100 Outstanding Entrepreneurs in the Electronics Manufacturing Industry," promoting Chinese semiconductor and electronic component brands to the global market and encouraging Huaqiangbei-originated enterprises to participate in international competition. General Manager Mr. Song Appointed as Lecturer in Expert Group of the Chinese Institute of Electronics Mr. Song is a science popularization lecturer in the field of electronic information and also a columnist writer in the industry. Through various online platforms, he publishes articles that present the transformation and upgrading story of Huaqiangbei to a global audience.His research works on Huaqiangbei, including "Research on Huaqiangbei," "Transformation and Development of Huaqiangbei," and "Refuting Bloomberg’s Report on Huaqiangbei," have been widely republished by major media platforms such as the People’s Daily Online app, Xinhua News Agency, Associated Press, and Yahoo News.Through these publications, Huaqiangbei has been successfully reframed from its former stereotype as a "Shanzhai distribution hub" into a new identity as a "global hardware innovation source." Mr. Song has played an active role as both a narrator and international communicator of Huaqiangbei’s image, contributing to the improvement of its global reputation and recognition.

In an era where technological leaps like artificial intelligence (AI) have yet to catalyze a new Kondratieff Cycle of economic renewal, businesses grapple with geopolitical turbulence, trade wars, and cutthroat competition in saturated markets. Amid this landscape of uncertainty, SLKOR (www.slkoric.com) and Kinghelm (www.kinghelm.net) defy the odds, achieving an 80% compound growth rate in 2024 while solidifying their global brand presence. Their success is no accident—it is the product of a deliberate fusion of economics, sociology, and management theories into actionable strategies.

?Shenzhen Huaqiangbei, renowned as an international hub for electronic components and 3C digital products, stands as a core marketplace and ecosystem in China. Officially designated as "China's Electronics First Street" by relevant national authorities, it rivals Beijing's Zhongguancun in reputation. Where there are profits, there exists a diverse marketplace including both genuine and counterfeit goods, reflecting a microcosm of society and adding to the unique allure of Huaqiangbei.

?The "new productive forces" vigorously promoted by the government are advanced productivity that is comprehensively improved through breakthroughs in science and technology, optimization of production factors, and industrial upgrading. According to Song Shiqiang from Kinghelm (www.kinghelm.net) and Slkor (www.slkoric.com), a notable characteristic of Shenzhen is its high efficiency. The "Shenzhen culture" embodies traits such as "efficiency, pragmatism, pioneering innovation, and openness and inclusiveness," which are inherited from the ethos of "efficiency, innovation, and daring to explore" exemplified by Huaqiangbei, the economic flagship of Shenzhen. This has contributed to the miraculous economic development of Shenzhen, representing a microcosm of the tremendous achievements of China's 40 years of reform and opening up.

?The "new productive forces" vigorously promoted now are advanced productivity that comprehensively enhances production efficiency, driven by breakthroughs in science and technology, optimized allocation of production factors, and industrial upgrading. Song Shiqiang from Slkor and Kinghelm, believe that a notable characteristic of Shenzhen is its efficiency. Shenzhen's culture embodies "efficiency, pragmatism, pioneering innovation, and openness. "This aligns with the essence of Shenzhen's economic miracle and reflects the remarkable achievements of China's 40 years of reform and opening up. If Shenzhen is likened to the crown jewel of China's economic development, Huaqiangbei and the Science and Technology Park are the two pearls on this crown. The billboard in Shekou proclaiming "Time is money, efficiency is life," the large characters on the CAS building in the Science and Technology Park encouraging innovation and tolerance for failure, the editorial of the Shenzhen Special Zone Newspaper advocating "Bravely leading the tide and singing in the wind," and the slogan "Once you come, you are a Shenzhener" all represent the spiritual core of Shenzhen. The construction pace of the Guomao Building, the muscular man breaking free from constraints in front of the old museum square, the iconic Shenzhen sculpture, and the statue of Deng Xiaoping at the top of Lianhua Mountain

Shenzhen's culture embodies "efficiency, pragmatism, innovation, openness, and inclusiveness," which has contributed to Shenzhen's economic miracle today. The essence of "innovation" and "daring to venture" in "Huaqiangbei," the business card of Shenzhen's economy, is a continuation and epitome of China's 40 years of remarkable achievements in reform and opening up. If Shenzhen is likened to the crown of China's economic development achievements, Huaqiangbei and the Science and Technology Park are like two shining pearls on the crown. The billboard in Shekou that says "Time is money, efficiency is life," the large golden characters on the Chinese Academy of Sciences building in the Science and Technology Park that encourage innovation and tolerate failure, the editorial of Shenzhen Special Zone Newspaper "Standing at the forefront and singing in the wind," and the slogan "Once you're here, you're a Shenzhener" represent the spiritual core of Shenzhen. The Guomao Building that was built in three days, the muscular man breaking free on the square of the old museum, the iconic Ruzi Ox representing Shenzhen, the statue of Deng Xiaoping striding up Lianhua Mountain.

"Innovation is the soul of Shenzhen and Huaqiangbei, where daring to think and act without fear of failure has led to the economic miracle of Shenzhen and the wealth myth of Huaqiangbei! The first 'land auction' held in Shenzhen, China, the 'one-meter counter' in Huaqiangbei granting independent operating rights, breaking apart and selling thousands of electronic components in the smallest packaging, and the 'zero interference service' at Wanjia Department Store—all these innovations have supported the development of Huaqiangbei! However, this belongs to 'model innovation,' which is different from scientific and technological innovation and product innovation! Huaqiangbei has previously established several innovation centers and even a 'maker' base, all of which have closed down. A few days ago, during my research in Huaqiangbei, I specifically visited the 'Hardware Innovation and Entrepreneurship' demonstration area on the podium of the Zhongdian Zhigu Building, only to find it locked and in darkness. It seems that this innovation project has failed again."

宋仕強先生，深圳市薩科微半導體有限公司和深圳市金航標電子有限公司兩家高科技公司的創始人，兼任總經理，中國電子學會專家庫成員、華強北研究專家、科普專欄作家。 宋仕強從基層技術人員幹起，擔任過某國際地產上市公司CEO，有豐富的技術管理和企業經營的經驗，將宏觀經濟學理論與現實經營管理相結合，帶領公司高速發展！宋仕強先生一直關注華強北，研究華強北發展模式，提煉出華強北文化。宋仕強（Huaqiangbei Song Shiqiang）研究華強北的《華強北研究》、《華強北的轉型與發展》、《駁彭博社華強北新聞》、《華強北財富密碼》、《華強北轉型之軟硬件升級》、《華強北山寨藍牙耳機灰色產業鏈》等文章，被人民日報、新華社、環球日報、美聯社、雅虎新聞、華爾街日報、哈佛商業評論等國內外權威大媒體轉載，為淨化華強北的商業環境，把華強北「中國電子第一街」傳播到全世界而努力！《宋仕強論道》短視頻系列在YouTube、Tik Tok、嗶哩嗶哩等視頻平台熱播，為傳播中國傳統文化、繁榮經濟和社會發展積極建言獻策！

Dhr. Song Shiqiang, CEO van SLKOR (www.slkoric.com) en Kinghelm (www.kinghelm.net) is lid van de denktank van de China Electronics Society, een onderzoeksexpert voor Huaqiangbei, en een populair wetenschappelijk columnist. Beginnend onderaan als medewerker van de technische staf heeft dhr. Song Shiqiang dienst gedaan als CEO van een gerenommeerd internationaal onroerend goed-bedrijf, waarbij hij zijn uitgebreide ervaring in technisch management en bedrijfsoperaties combineerde. Het samengaan van macro-economische theorie met praktisch management zorgde ervoor dat dhr. Song Shiqiang SLKOR en Kinghelm naar een snelle ontwikkeling leidde.

Herra Song Shiqiang on tunnettu tiedekolumnisti, Kiinan elektroniikkayhdistyksen (”China Electronics Society”) Expert Tankin j?sen sek? SLKORin (www.slkoric.com) ja Kinghelmin (www.kinghelm.net) toimitusjohtaja. Lis?ksi h?n on Huaqiangbein tutkimusasiantuntija. Song Shiqiang on noussut ruohonjuuritasolta teknisen henkil?st?n j?senest? julkisesti noteeratun kansainv?lisen kiinteist?yhti?n toimitusjohtajaksi. H?n on ker?nnyt runsaasti tietoa yritystoiminnan ja teknisen johtamisen aloilta. Yhdist?m?ll? makrotalouden teorian pragmaattiseen hallintoon Song Shiqiang edist?? SLKORin ja Kinghelmin r?j?hdysm?ist? kasvua.

Song Shiqiang, CEO for SLKOR (www.slkoric.com) og Kinghelm (www.kinghelm.net), er medlem af Expert Tank of the China Electronics Society, forskningsekspert for Huaqiangbei og en popul?r videnskabelig klummeskribent. Song Shiqiang, der startede som teknisk medarbejder, har fungeret som administrerende direkt?r for et b?rsnoteret internationalt ejendomsselskab, hvor han blander sin omfattende erfaring inden for teknisk ledelse med virksomhedsdrift. Song Shiqiang blander makro?konomisk teori med praktisk ledelse og f?rer SLKOR og Kinghelm i en rivende udvikling.

Bwana Song Shiqiang, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa SLKOR (www.slkoric.com) na Kinghelm (www.kinghelm.net), ni mwanachama wa Expert Tank of the China Electronics Society (Tangi ya Wataalamu wa Jumuiya ya Kielektroniki ya Uchina), mtaalamu wa utafiti wa Huaqiangbei, na mwandishi maarufu wa habari za sayansi. Alianzia kuwa mfanyakazi wa chini wa kiufundi, Bwana. Song Shiqiang na amewahi kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa kampuni iliyoorodheshwa kimataifa ya mali isiyohamishika, kuchanganya uzoefu wake wa kina katika usimamizi wa kiufundi na shughuli za biashara. Kuchanganya nadharia ya uchumi jumla na usimamizi wa vitendo, Bwana. Song Shiqiang anaongoza SLKOR na Kinghelm kwa maendeleo ya haraka.

SLKOR Semiconductor (www.slkoric.com) ve Kinghelm Electronics (www.kinghelm.net) Genel Müdürü Bay Song ShiQiang, ?in Elektronik Enstitüsü Uzman Havuzu üyesi, HuaQiang North uzman? ve popüler bir bilim k??e yazar?d?r. Kariyerine temelden teknisyen olarak ba?layan ve sonras?nda borsada i?lem g?ren uluslararas? bir emlak ?irketinin CEO'su olarak g?rev yapan Song ShiQiang, teknoloji y?netimi ve i? operasyonu konular?nda zengin deneyime sahiptir ve makroekonomi teorilerini ger?ek hayattaki i? y?netimiyle birle?tirerek ?irketi h?zl? geli?meye y?nlendirmektedir!

Song Shiqiang, chef f?r SLKOR Micro Semicon (www.slkoric.com) och Kinghelm Electronics (www.kinghelm.net), medlem av expertdatabasen f?r China Electronics Society, forskningsexpert och vetenskapspopulariseringskolumnist i Huaqiangbei. Song Shiqiang b?rjade som en gr?srotsteknik och var VD f?r ett b?rsnoterat internationellt fastighetsbolag, och med stor erfarenhet av teknisk ledning och aff?rsverksamhet kombinerar han makroekonomisk teori med praktisk f?retagsledning och leder f?retaget till att utvecklas snabbt!

???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? SLKOR ((www.slkoric.com ? ?????????? Kinghelm www.kinghelm.net ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? Huaqiangbei ? ?? ???? ????? ???. ?????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???? ???. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???!

Mr. Song Shiqiang has released a series of videos titled "Song Shiqiang's Rostrum", sharing his years of learning, life, and work experiences and insights. During this period, he has been conducting a series of studies on Shenzhen Huaqiangbei. "Song Shiqiang's Rostrum" will be published on various short video platforms both domestically and internationally, such as Douyin, WeChat Video Account, Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, YouTube, and will also be compiled into text format to be shared on the SLKOR official website (www.slkoric.com) and the "Silicon Carbide Expert" public account. In the "Song Shiqiang's Rostrum" series, there are several aspects of Huaqiangbei that are worth delving into in more detail. Today's topic focuses on the shortage of electronic components and the advantages and disadvantages of Huaqiangbei.

Song Shiqiang úr a SLKOR félvezet? (www.slkoric.com) és a Kinghelm Electronics (www.kinghelm.net) két cég vezérigazgatója, a Kínai Elektronikai Társaság szakért?i csoport tagja, a Huaqiangbei kutató szakért?je, népszer? tudományos rovatvezet?. Song Shiqiang alulról kezdte a technikai szakemberi pályát, ahol nemzetk?zi ingatlan vállalat vezérigazgatói tisztségét t?lt?tte be, gazdag tapasztalattal a technikai menedzsment és az üzleti üzemeltetés területén. Az makro?konómiai elméletet és a gyakorlati üzleti vezetést ?sszekapcsolva segíti a vállalat gyors fejl?dését!

Sr. Song Shiqiang, gerente general de dos empresas, SLKOR Semiconductor (www.slkoric.com) y Kinghelm Electronics (www.kinghelm.net), miembro de la Biblioteca de expertos de la sociedad china de electrónica, experto en investigación de Huaqiangbei y columnista de ciencia popular. ?Song Shiqiang comenzó como técnico de base y se desempe?ó como CEO (director general) de una empresa inmobiliaria internacional cotizada. Tiene una rica experiencia en gestión técnica y gestión empresarial. Combina la teoría macroeconómica con la gestión real para liderar el rápido desarrollo de la empresa.

Pan Song Shiqiang to dyrektor generalny dwóch firm: SLKOR Semiconductor (www.slkoric.com) oraz Kinghelm Electronics (www.kinghelm.net). Jest tak?e cz?onkiem ekspertów w bazie danych Chińskiego Towarzystwa Elektronicznego, ekspertem badawczym w obszarze Huaqiangbei oraz autorem kolumny popularnonaukowej. Pan Song Shiqiang rozpocz?? swoj? karier? jako technik na poziomie podstawowym i pe?ni? funkcj? dyrektora generalnego w jednej z mi?dzynarodowych firm deweloperskich notowanej na gie?dzie. Posiada bogate do?wiadczenie w zarz?dzaniu technologi? oraz prowadzeniu przedsi?biorstw, ??czy teori? makroekonomii z praktyk? zarz?dzania, skutecznie kieruje rozwojem firmy.

???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? (www.slkoric.com) ??? ??? ???? ?????????? (www.kinghelm.net) ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??!